《中国植物志》|| 锦葵科 MALVACEAE ||梵天花属 Urena Linn. ||地挑花 Urena lobata L.

1.地挑花（广东、广西、江西、贵州）肖梵天花（广州植物志），野棉花（浙江、湖北、四川、广西），田芙蓉（贵州），（刺、痴）头婆、大叶马松子（海南），粘油子、厚皮草（四川峨眉），野鸡花（云南），迷（尼）马桩（棵）（贵州西南至云南东南），半边月（广西），千下槌（江西），红孩儿、石松毛、牛毛七、毛桐子（四川）
Urena lobata Linn. Sp. Pl. 692, 1753; Cavan. Diss. 6: t. 185, f. 1, 1788; Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 416, 1790; ed. Willd. 507, 1793; Hooker in Curtis s Bot, Mag. 58: t. 3043, 1831; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 134, 1861; Masters in Hook. f. , Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 205, 1874; Forbes & Hemsl. in Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 86, 1886(Ind-Fl. Sin.) ; Gurcke in Bot. Jahrb. Engler 16: 370, 1892; ibidem 29: 469, 1900; Hochr. in Ann, Cons. Jard. Bot. Geneve 5: 131, 1901; Gagnep. in Lecte. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 1: 413, 1910; Hayata Ic. Pl. Formosa 1: 97, 1911; Dunn & Tutch. in Kew Bull. add. ser. 10, 223, 1912(Fl. Kwangt. Hongk.) ; Levl. Fl. Kouytcheau, 275, 1914; Rehd. & Wils. in Sarg. Pl. Wils. 2: 373, 1915; Limpr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 437, 1922; Merr. in Lingn. Sci. Jour. 5: 125, 1928; in Trans. Am. Philip. Soc. n. s. 24: 260, 1935; in Jour. ArnoldArb. 18: 71, 1937; Masam. & al. in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 22: 33, 1932; Hand.-Mazz. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 52(2): 164, 1934;陈嵘, 中国树木分类 学769, 图658, 1937; Masam. Fl. Kain. 200, 1943; S. Y. Hu in Jour. West China Bord. Ros. Soc. 15(2): 137, 1945; Fl. China Family 153: 75, Pl. 14, 1955; 侯宽昭, 广州植物志248, f. 121, 1956;陈焕镛, 海南植物志2: 96, 图341, 1965;昆明植物研究所, 云南植物志2: 211, 图54: 1-5, 1979.——Urena monopetala Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 418, 1790; ed. Willd. 508, 1793; DC. Prodr. 1: 442, 1824. —-Urena diversifolia Schum. in Beskr. Guin. Pl. Thonn. 2, in Danske Vidensk, Selsk. Nat.——Math. Afd. 4(4): 82, 1829; Walp. in Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.——Carol. 19: 304, 1843; et Rep. 5: 80, 1845.——Urena tobato Linn. var. tomentosa(Bl.). Walp. in Nov. Act. Acad. Leop.——Carol. 19: 304, 1843; S. Y. Hu Fl. China Family 153: 76, 1955.——U. tomentosa Bl. Bijdr. 65, 1825.
直立亚灌木状草本，高达1米，小枝被星状绒毛。茎下部的叶近圆形，长4-5厘米，．宽5-6厘米，先端浅3裂，基部圆形或近心形，边缘具锯齿；中部的叶卵形，长5-7厘米，3-6.5厘米；上部的叶长圆形至披针形，长4-7厘米，宽1.5-3厘米；叶上面被柔毛，下面被灰白色星状绒毛；叶柄长1-4厘米，被灰白色星状毛；托叶线形，长约2毫米，早落。花腋生，单生或稍丛生，淡红色，直径约15毫米；花梗长约3毫米，被绵毛；小苞片5，长约6毫米，基部1/3合生；花萼杯状，裂片5，较小苞片略短，两者均被星状柔毛；花瓣5，倒卵形，长约15毫米，外面被星状柔毛；雄蕊柱长约15毫米，无毛；花柱枝10，微被长硬毛。果扁球形，直径约1厘米，分果爿被星状短柔毛和锚状刺。花期7-10月。
产长江以南各省区。分布于越南、柬埔寨、老挝、泰国、缅甸、印度和日本等地区。
我国长江以南极常见的野生植物，喜生于干热的空旷地、草坡或疏林下。茎皮富含坚韧的纤维，供纺织和搓绳索，常用为麻类的代用品；根作药用，煎水点酒服可治疗白痢。
本种叶形变异较大。

《云南植物志》|| 锦葵科 Malvaceae ||梵天花属 Urena Linn. ||地桃花 Urena lobata Linn.

1. 地桃花（两广、江西、贵州）图版54，1—5
野鸡花（云南），野棉花（中国树木分类学），肖梵天花（广州植物志）、迷（尼）马粧（棵）（贵州西南至云南东南）
Urena lobata Linn. (1753); Cavan. (1788)*; Hooker (1831)*; Masters in Hook. f. (1874); Forbes & Hemsl. (1886); Gagnep. in Lecte. (1910); Levl. (1914 ); Rehd. & Wils. (1915); Merr. (1928); (1935), (1937); Hand.-Mazz. (1934)；中国树木分类学 (1937)*; S. Y. Hu (1955)*; 广植物志 (1956)*.
Urena monopetala Lour. (1790), (1793); DC. (1824); Urena diversifolia Schum. (1829); Urena lobata Linn. var. tomentosa (Bl.)Walp. (1843); S. Y. Hu (1955); Urena tomentosa Bl. (1825).
直立亚灌木状草本，高1米，小枝被星状绒毛。叶下部的近圆形，长4—5厘米，宽5－6厘米，先端通常浅3裂，基部圆形至近心形，边缘具锯齿；中部的叶卵形，长5—7厘米，宽3—6.5厘米；上部的叶长圆形至披针形，长4—7厘米，宽1.5—3厘米；叶上面被柔毛，下面被灰白色星状绒毛；叶柄长1－4厘米，被灰白色星状毛；托叶线形，长2毫米，早落。花腋生，单生或稍丛生，淡红色，直径15毫米；花梗长3毫米，被绵毛；小苞片5，长6毫米，基部1/3处合生；花萼杯状，裂片5，较小苞片略短，两者均被星状柔毛；花瓣5，倒卵形，长15毫米，外面被星状柔毛；雄蕊柱长15毫米，无毛；花柱枝10，微被长硬毛。果扁球形，直径1厘米，分果爿被星状短柔毛和锚状刺。花期7—10月。
云南文山、红河、玉溪、楚雄、思茅、临沧、德宏、怒江、丽江等地州，海拔220—2500米的干热空旷地、荒坡或疏林下。分布于我国四川、贵州、广东、广西、湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、江苏、浙江、福建、台湾等省区。也分布至越南、柬埔寨、老挝、泰国、缅甸、印度和日本等国家。
本种系各地极常见的野生植物。其叶形变异较大。茎皮纤维坚韧，供制绳索，也供纺织料，可为麻类的代用品；根入药，煎水点酒服可治白痢。

《云南植物志》|| 锦葵科 Malvaceae ||梵天花属 Urena Linn. ||地桃花 (变种) Urena lobata var. lobata

la．地桃花（变种）
var. lobata
直立亚灌木状草本，高1米，小枝被星状绒毛。叶下部的近圆形，长4—5厘米，宽5－6厘米，先端通常浅3裂，基部圆形至近心形，边缘具锯齿；中部的叶卵形，长5—7厘米，宽3—6.5厘米；上部的叶长圆形至披针形，长4—7厘米，宽1.5—3厘米；叶上面被柔毛，下面被灰白色星状绒毛；叶柄长1－4厘米，被灰白色星状毛；托叶线形，长2毫米，早落。花腋生，单生或稍丛生，淡红色，直径15毫米；花梗长3毫米，被绵毛；小苞片5，长6毫米，基部1/3处合生；花萼杯状，裂片5，较小苞片略短，两者均被星状柔毛；花瓣5，倒卵形，长15毫米，外面被星状柔毛；雄蕊柱长15毫米，无毛；花柱枝10，微被长硬毛。果扁球形，直径1厘米，分果爿被星状短柔毛和锚状刺。花期7—10月。
云南文山、红河、玉溪、楚雄、思茅、临沧、德宏、怒江、丽江等地州，海拔220—2500米的干热空旷地、荒坡或疏林下。分布于我国四川、贵州、广东、广西、湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、江苏、浙江、福建、台湾等省区。也分布至越南、柬埔寨、老挝、泰国、缅甸、印度和日本等国家。
本种系各地极常见的野生植物。其叶形变异较大。茎皮纤维坚韧，供制绳索，也供纺织料，可为麻类的代用品；根入药，煎水点酒服可治白痢。

《Flora of North America》|| Malvaceae || Urena || Urena lobata

1. Urena lobata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 692. 1753.
[F I W]

Common urena, caesarweed, bur-mallow, Congo jute Common urena, caesarweed, bur-mallow, Congo jute

Urena trilobata Vellozo

Plants 1 m. Stems minutely stellate-hairy. Leaves reduced distally; stipules 2–4 mm; petioles equaling blades proximally, reduced distally to 1/4 blade length; blade paler abaxially (slightly discolorous), broadly to narrowly ovate, angulate to shallowly lobate with ± acute sinuses, usually 3–9 cm, apex acute. Inflorescences subsessile or pedicels to 7 mm; involucel 5–6 mm, subequal to calyx, lobes alternate with calyx lobes. Flowers: calyx 1/2-divided, 5–9 mm, hairy, lobes ciliate; petals 15–20 mm, abaxially hairy; staminal column 5-dentate apically, glabrous; filaments nearly absent; anthers subsessile, usually pinkish; style reflexed, slender; stigmas 2 times number of locules. Schizocarps 5-lobed, 8 mm diam., lobes convex, stellate-hairy, glochidiate-spiny spines numerous. Seeds 3–5 mm. 2n = 28, 56.

Flowering nearly year-round. Disturbed habitats; 0–200 m; introduced; Fla., La., S.C.; se Asia (India); Africa; Pacific Islands (Philippines); introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America.

Urena lobata is a pantropical weed, probably native to the Old World Tropics. The species has been reported from East Baton Rouge and Saint Charles parishes in Louisiana and appears to be naturalized. In South Carolina it has been introduced to the southeastern part of the state in landscape plantings and is spreading to vacant lots and roadsides. It has also been collected relatively recently in Scott County, Tennessee, as a waif, and will likely be found elsewhere on occasion. Urena lobata is well established in peninsular Florida and common in some locations, and has been grown for its jutelike fiber in some regions.

The similar Urena sinuata Linnaeus [U. lobata var. sinuata (Linnaeus) Hochreutiner] is known in Mexico, the West Indies, and elsewhere in tropical America and may occasionally appear as a waif within the flora area. It was once collected in ballast at Mobile, Alabama. This species differs from U. lobata by its deeply, palmately five-parted leaves with broadly rounded sinuses, its smaller (4–5 mm) calyx, and its shorter (8–18 mm) petals. Transitions are found between U. sinuata and U. lobata, and they may not be specifically distinct. The fruits in both taxa readily adhere to clothing and the plants have become widely distributed as weeds.

《Flora of China》|| Malvaceae || Urena ||地桃花 Urena lobata

1. Urena lobata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 692. 1753.

地桃花 di tao hua

Subshrublike herbs, erect, to 1 m tall. Branchlets stellate tomentose. Stipules filiform, ca. 2 mm, caducous; petiole 1-4 cm, gray-white stellate; leaf blades on proximal part of stem nearly orbicular, 4-5 × 5-6 cm, base rounded or nearly cordate, margin serrate, apex 3-lobed, blades on middle part of stem ovate, 5-7 × 3-6.5 cm, those on distal part of stem oblong to lanceolate, 4-7 × 1.5-3 cm, abaxially gray stellate puberulent, adaxially puberulent. Flowers solitary or slightly aggregated, axillary. Pedicel ca. 3 mm, woolly. Epicalyx lobes connate for ca. 1/3 length, ca. 6 mm, puberulent. Calyx cup-shaped, lobes 5, slightly shorter than bracteoles, stellate puberulent, caducous. Corolla reddish, ca. 15 mm in diam.; petals 5, obovate, ca. 1.5 cm, abaxially stellate puberulent. Staminal column ca. 15 mm, glabrous. Style branches 10, hirsute. Fruit flattened globose, ca. 1 cm in diam.; mericarps stellate puberulent and spiny with hooked spines. Fl. Jul-Oct.

Grasslands, scrub, roadsides; 500-2200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam; pantropical].

This is a polymorphic species for which many infraspecific taxa have been described from throughout its range.