《中国植物志》|| 兰科 ORCHIDACEAE ||白及属 Bletilla Rchb. f. ||白及 Bletilla striata (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Rchb.f.

3.白及（中国种子植物科属辞典）图版6: 1-3
Bletilla striata (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Rchb. f. in Bot. Zeit. 36: 75. 1878; Schltr. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. Beih. 4: 159. 1919; Hand. -Mazz., Symb. Sinic. 7: 1343. 1936; S. Y. Hu in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 25 (1, 2): 57. 1972. Garay et Sweet, Orch. South. Ryukyu Isl. 54. 1974;中国高等植物图鉴5: 653.图8135. 1976;横断山区维管植物2: 2555. 1994. ——Limodorum striatum Thunb. ex A. Murray in Linnaeus Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 816. 1784 (July). ——Limodorum striatum Thunb., Fl. Jap. 28. 1784 (Aug.). ——Cymbidium hyacinthinum J. E. Smith, Exot. Bot. 1: 117. t. 60. 1804. ——Bletia hyacinthina (J. E. Smith) R. Br. in Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 5: 206. 1813. ——Bletia gebina Lindl. in J. Hort. Soc. 2: 307. 1847. ——Bletilla gebina (Lindl.) Rchb. f. in Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 8: 246. 1853. ——Bletilla striata var. gebina (Lindl.) Rchb. f. in Bot. Zeit. 36: 75. 1878. ——Bletilla hyacinthina (J. E. Smith) Rchb. f., l. c. ——Bletia striata (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Druce in Rept. Bot. Exch. Club. Brit. Isles 4: 609. 1917. ——Jimensia striata (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Garay et Schultes in Bot. Mus. Leafl. Harv. Univ. 18: 184. 1958.
植株高18-60厘米。假鳞茎扁球形，上面具荸荠似的环带，富粘性。茎粗壮，劲直。叶4-6枚，狭长圆形或披针形，长8-29厘米，宽1.5-4厘米，先端渐尖，基部收狭成鞘并抱茎。花序具3-10朵花，常不分枝或极罕分枝；花序轴或多或少呈“之”字状曲折；花苞片长圆状披针形，长2-2.5厘米，开花时常凋落；花大，紫红色或粉红色；萼片和花瓣近等长，狭长圆形，长25-30毫米，宽6-8毫米，先端急尖；花瓣较萼片稍宽；唇瓣较萼片和花瓣稍短，倒卵状椭圆形，长23-28毫米，白色带紫红色，具紫色脉；唇盘上面具5条纵褶片，从基部伸至中裂片近顶部，仅在中裂片上面为波状；蕊柱长18-20毫米，柱状，具狭翅，稍弓曲。花期4-5月。
产陕西南部、甘肃东南部、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川和贵州。生于海拔100-3200米的常绿阔叶林下，栋树林或针叶林下、路边草丛或岩石缝中，在北京和天津有栽培。朝鲜半岛和日本也有分布。模式标本采自日本。

《Flora of China》|| Orchidaceae || Bletilla ||白及 Bletilla striata

3. Bletilla striata (Thunberg) H. G. Reichenbach, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin). 36: 75. 1878.

白及 bai ji

Limodorum striatum Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 816. 1784; Bletia gebina Lindley; B. hyacinthina (Smith) Aiton; B. hyacinthina var. gebina (Lindley) Blume; B. striata (Thunberg) Druce; Bletilla elegantula (Kraenzlin) Garay & Romero; B. gebina (Lindley) H. G. Reichenbach; B. hyacinthina (Smith) H. G. Reichenbach; B. striata var. albomarginata Makino; B. striata f. gebina (Lindley) Ohwi; B. striata var. gebina (Lindley) H. G. Reichenbach; Calanthe gebina (Lindley) Lindley; Coelogyne elegantula Kraenzlin; Cymbidium hyacinthinum Smith; C. striatum (Thunberg) Swartz; Epidendrum striatum (Thunberg) Thunberg; Jimensia nervosa Rafinesque, nom. illeg. superfl.; J. striata (Thunberg) Garay & R. E. Schultes; Limodorum hyacinthinum (Smith) Donn.

Plants 18-60 cm tall. Rhizome dorsiventrally compressed, subglobose or irregularly shaped, 1-3 cm in diam. Stem 3-25 cm, stout, enclosing several long tubular sheaths, 4-6-leaved. Leaves widely spaced or clustered toward apex of stem, narrowly oblong to lanceolate-elliptic, 8-29 × 1.5-4 cm, base contracted into amplexicaul sheath, apex acuminate. Peduncle 14-34 cm, slender, usually with 1 sheathing bract; rachis flexuous, sometimes pendulous, 2-7 cm, simple or sometimes branched, 3-10-flowered; floral bracts usually deciduous at anthesis, oblong-lanceolate, 6-20 mm. Flowers erect or spreading, purplish red or pink, large; pedicel and ovary twisted, 10-24 mm. Sepals purplish red or pink, narrowly oblong, 14-30 × 4-8 mm, lateral ones slightly oblique, apex acute. Petals similar to but slightly larger than sepals, purplish red or pink, 14-32 × 4-11 mm, apex acute; lip white, tinged with purplish red, with purplish veins, obovate-elliptic, 14-28 × 10-18 mm, 3-lobed above middle; lateral lobes erect and embracing column, triangular to suborbicular, apex acute; mid-lobe square, 3-8 × 2-6 mm, margin slightly crisped, apex truncate; disk with 5 longitudinal lamellae extending from base of lip almost to apex of mid-lobe; lamellae undulate only on mid-lobe. Column subterete, 14-20 mm, slender, dilated toward apex, with narrow wings; rostellum large. Capsule to 3.4 cm. Fl. Apr-May. 2n = 32, 38, 76.

Evergreen broad-leaved forests, Quercus forests, coniferous forests, grassy places, crevices; 100-3200 m. Anhui, Fujian, SE Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Myanmar].