《中国植物志》|| 山茱萸科 CORNACEAE ||山茱萸属 Cornus Linn., sensu stricto. ||山茱萸 Cornus officinalis Sieb. & Zucc.

1．山茱萸（神农本草经）图版32：1
Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc., Fl. Jap. 1: 100. t. 50. 1835; Wanger. in Engl., Pflanzenreich, 41 (IV. 229): 80. 1910; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 1105.图3940. 1972.——Macrocarpium officinale (Sieb. et Zucc.) Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 23: 38. 1909; Hutch. in Ann. Bot. N. S. 6: 89. 1942; 四川植物志2: 351. 图版134.图1-6. 1981.
落叶乔木或灌木，高4-10米；树皮灰褐色；小枝细圆柱形，无毛或稀被贴生短柔毛冬芽顶生及腋生，卵形至披针形，被黄褐色短柔毛。叶对生，纸质，卵状披针形或卵状椭圆 形，长5.5-10厘米，宽2.5-4.5厘米，先端渐尖，基部宽楔形或近于圆形，全缘，上面绿色，无毛，下面浅绿色，稀被白色贴生短柔毛，脉腋密生淡褐色丛毛，中脉在上面明显，下面凸起，近于无毛，侧脉6-7对，弓形内弯；叶柄细圆柱形，长0.6-1.2厘米，上面有浅沟，下面圆形，稍被贴生疏柔毛。伞形花序生于枝侧，有总苞片4，卵形，厚纸质至革质，长约8毫米，带紫色，两侧略被短柔毛，开花后脱落；总花梗粗壮，长约2毫米，微被灰色短柔毛; 花小，两性，先叶开放；花萼裂片4，阔三角形，与花盘等长或稍长，长约0.6毫米，无毛；花瓣4，舌状披针形，长3.3毫米，黄色，向外反卷；雄蕊4，与花瓣互生，长1.8毫米，花丝钻形，花药椭圆形，2室；花盘垫状，无毛；子房下位，花托倒卵形，长约1毫米，密被贴生疏柔毛，花柱圆柱形，长1.5毫米，柱头截形；花梗纤细，长0.5-1厘米，密被疏柔毛。核果长椭圆形，长1.2-1.7厘米，直径5-7毫米，红色至紫红色；核骨质，狭椭圆形，长约12毫米，有几条不整齐的肋纹。花期3-4月；果期9-10月。
产山西、陕西、甘肃、山东、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、河南、湖南等省。朝鲜、日本也有分布。生于海拔400-1500米，稀达2100米的林缘或森林中。在四川有引种栽培。
本种（包括川鄂山茱萸）的果实称“萸肉”，俗名枣皮，供药用，味酸涩，性微温，为收敛性强壮药，有补肝肾止汗的功效。

《Flora of China》|| Cornaceae || Cornus ||山茱萸 Cornus officinalis

18. Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. 1: 100. 1835.

山茱萸 shan zhu yu

Macrocarpium officinale (Siebold & Zuccarini) Nakai.

Trees or shrubs, 4–10 m tall; axis sympodial. Bark grayish brown; winter leaf buds terminal or axillary, solitary or associated with flower buds; flower buds terminal, pubescent with yellowish brown short trichomes. Leaf blade abaxially light green, ovate-lanceolate or ovate-elliptic, 5.5–10 × 2.5–4.5 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent with short appressed trichomes, axils of lateral veins with dense light brown long soft trichomes, veins 6 or 7. Umbellate inflorescences terminal; bracts ovate, 5–8 mm, papery to leathery, pubescent; peduncle ca. 2 mm, thick, pubescent. Pedicels 0.5–1 cm, slender, densely pubescent with soft trichomes. Calyx teeth broadly triangular, ca. 0.6 mm. Petals reflexed, ligulate-lanceolate, 2.5–3.3 × 1–1.3 mm. Stamens ca. 1.8 mm; anthers ellipsoid. Ovary obovoid, ca. 1 mm, densely pubescent; style ca. 1.5 mm. Fruit red or purplish red, narrowly ellipsoid, 1.2–1.8 × 0.5–0.7 cm; stones narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 1.2 cm, with a few unequal ribs. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Sep–Oct.

Forests, forest margins, mountain slopes; 400–1500(–2100) m. Anhui, Gansu, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].

The fruit, called “zhu yu” or “zao pi” in Chinese medicine, is prescribed as an astringent tonic for impotence, spermatorrhea, lumbago, vertigo, and night sweats.