《中国植物志》|| 兰科 ORCHIDACEAE ||石斛组 Sect. Dendrobium ||细茎石斛 Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw.

41. 细茎石斛（中国高等植物图鉴），铜皮石斛（中药志），清水山石斛、台湾石斛（台湾兰科植物彩色图志） 图版17：1-3
Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw. in Nov. Acta Soc. Sci. Upsal. 6: 85. 1799; Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 4: 44. 1914, et 10: 32. 1921; Merr. in J. Arn. Arbor. 19 (4): 330. 1938; S. Y. Hu in Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 26 (1, 2): 157. 1973; 中国高等植物图鉴 5: 696. 图8221. 1976; Ohwi, Fl. Jap.: 353. 1978; Z. H. Tsi in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18 (4): 441. 1980; Z. H. Tsi, S. C. Chen et K. Mori, Wild Orch. China: 82, pl. 101. 1997; 中国兰花全书: 158. 1998. ——Epidendrum moniliforme L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 954. 1753. ——E. monile Thunb. ex A. Murray in Linn., Syst. Veg. ed. 14: 811. 1784. ——Dendrobium catenatum Lindl., Gen. Sp. Orch. Pl.: 84. 1830. ——D. castum Baten ex Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron.: 943. 1868. -----D. yunnanense Finet in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 419, t. 13, fig. (A -H). 1877. ——Callista moniliforme (Lindl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen.: 655. 1891. ——Dendrobium zonatum Rolfe in Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 13. 1903. ——D. monile (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Kraenzl. in Engler, Pflanzenr. 45 (IV. 50, II. B. 21): 50. 1910. ——D. nienkui C. L. Tso in Sunyatsenia 1 (2-3): 142. 1913. ——D. heishanense Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 4: 48, fig. 13 (c.). 1914.——D. kosepangii C. L. Tso, l, c. 1 (2-3): 141. 1933. ——D. crispulum Kimura et Migo in J. Shanghai Sci. Inst. III, 3: 123, t. 6B (8, 10). 1936. ——D. tosaense Makino var. chingshuishanianum S. S. Ying in Col. Ill. Orch. Fl. Taiwan 1: 381, fig. 61. 1996.——D. moniliforme (L). Sw. var. taiwanianum S. S. Ying, l. c.: 377. 1996.
茎直立，细圆柱形，通常长10-20厘米，或更长，粗3-5毫米，具多节，节间长2-4厘米，干后金黄色或黄色带深灰色。叶数枚，二列，常互生于茎的中部以上，披针形或长圆形，长3-4.5厘米，宽5-10毫米，先端钝并且稍不等侧2裂，基部下延为抱茎的鞘；总状花序2至数个，生于茎中部以上具叶和落了叶的老茎上，通常具1-3花；花序柄长3-5毫米；花苞片干膜质，浅白色带褐色斑块，卵形，长3-4 (-8) 毫米，宽2-3毫米，先端钝；花梗和子房纤细，长1-2.5厘米；花黄绿色、白色或白色带淡紫红色，有时芳香；萼片和花瓣相似，卵状长圆形或卵状披针形，长 (1-) 1.3-1.7 (-2.3) 厘米，宽 (1.5-) 3-4 (-8) 毫米，先端锐尖或钝，具5条脉；侧萼片基部歪斜而贴生于蕊柱足；萼囊圆锥形，长4-5毫米，宽约5毫米，末端钝；花瓣通常比萼片稍宽；唇瓣白色、淡黄绿色或绿白色，带淡褐色或紫红色至浅黄色斑块，整体轮廓卵状披针形，比萼片稍短，基部楔形，3裂；侧裂片半圆形，直立，围抱蕊柱，边缘全缘或具不规则的齿；中裂片卵状披针形，先端锐尖或稍钝，全缘，无毛；唇盘在两侧裂片之间密布短柔毛，基部常具1个椭圆形胼胝体，近中裂片基部通常具1个紫红色、淡褐或浅黄色的斑块；蕊柱白色，长约3毫米；药帽白色或淡黄色，圆锥形，顶端不裂，有时被细乳突；蕊柱足基部常具紫红色条纹，无毛或有时具毛。花期通常3-5月。
产陕西南部（宁陕）、甘肃南部（康县）、安徽西南部（大别山）、浙江北部（武康）、江西西南部至北部（安福、庐山、遂川、大余）、福建北部（顺昌、崇安）、台湾（台北、花莲、台中、南投、嘉义、台东等地）、河南（地点不详）、湖南（新宁、安化、石门、桃源、衡山、浏阳等地）、广东北部和西南部（乐昌、信宜、南雄、阳山、乳源）、广西西北部至东北部（龙胜、全州、资源、平乐、隆林、永福、金秀）、贵州东南部至东北部（凯里、江口、雷公山）、四川南部（峨眉山市、雷波）、云南东南部至西北部（屏边、金平、文山、景东、耿马、漾濞、丽江、泸水、贡山等地）。生于海拔590-3000米的阔叶林中树干上或山谷岩壁上。印度东北部、朝鲜半岛南部、日本也有。模式标本采自日本。
本种可能是多型性的广布种。植株的大小，花的颜色，尤其唇瓣的形状和唇盘的结构常因地区不同而有变化。

《云南植物志》|| 兰科 Orchidaceae ||石斛组 Sect. Dendrobium ||细茎石斛 Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw.

36.细茎石斛（图鉴）图版142: 3—5
铜皮石斛（中药志），霍山石斛（百草镜），霍石斛、甜石斛、米心石斛（本草纲目拾遗），石斛、石斛一（植物名实图考），黄草（文山）
Dendrobium moniliforme (L.) Sw. (1799, 1800); Lindl. (1830)*; Finet (1900); Rolfe (1903); Hayata (1914, 1921); Merr. (1938); S. Y. Hu (1973); 图鉴 (1976)*; Ohwi (1978); Z. H. Tsi (1980); 横断山区维管植物 (1994); Z. H. Tsi, S. C. Chen et K. Mori (1997)*; 中国兰花全书 (1998); 中国植物志 (1999)*; 高黎贡山植物 (2000).
Epidendrum moniliforme L. (1753); E. monile Thunb. ex A. Murray (1784); Dendrobium catenatum Lindl. (1830); D. castum Baten ex Rchb. f. (1868); D. yunnanense Finet (1877*, 1901); Callista moniliforme (Lindl.) Kuntze (1891); Dendrobium zonatum Rofle (1903); D. monile (Thunb. ex A. Murray) Kraenzl. in Engl. (1910); D. nienkui C. L. Tso (1913); D. heishanense Hayata (1914)*; D. kosepangii C. L. Tso (1933); D. crispulum Kimura et Migo (1936)*; D. tosaense Makino var. chingshuishanianum S. S. Ying (1996)*; D. moniliforme (L.) Sw. var. taiwanianum S. S. Ying (1996).
茎直立，细圆柱形，通常长10—30厘米，粗3—5毫米，具多节，节间长2—4厘米，干后金黄色或黄色带深灰色。叶数枚，二列，常互生于茎的中部以上，披针形或长圆形，长3—7厘米，宽4—10毫米，先端钝并且稍不等侧2裂，基部下延为抱茎的鞘；总状花序2至数个，生于茎中部以上具叶和落了叶的老茎上，通常具1—3花；花序柄长3—5毫米；花苞片干膜质，浅白色带褐色斑块，卵形，长3—4（—8）毫米，宽2—3毫米，先端钝；花梗和子房纤细，长1—2.5厘米；花黄绿色、白色或白色带淡紫红色，芳香；萼片和花瓣相似；中萼片卵状长圆形或卵状披针形，长（1—）1.3—1.7（—2.3）厘米，宽（1.5—）3—4（—8）毫米，先端锐尖或钝，具5条脉；侧萼片基部歪斜而贴生于蕊柱足；萼囊圆锥形，长4—5毫米，宽约5毫米，末端钝；花瓣通常比萼片稍宽；唇瓣白色、淡黄绿色或绿白色，带淡褐色或紫红色至浅黄色斑块，整体轮廓卵状披针形，比萼片稍短，基部楔形，3裂；侧裂片半圆形，直立，围抱蕊柱，边缘全缘或具不规则的齿；中裂片卵状披针形，先端锐尖或稍钝，全缘，无毛；唇盘在两侧裂片之间密布短柔毛，基部常具1个椭圆形胼胝体，近中裂片基部通常具1个紫红色、淡褐色或浅黄色的斑块；蕊柱白色，长约3毫米；药帽白色或淡黄色，圆锥形，顶端不裂，有时被细乳突；蕊柱足基部常具紫红色条纹，无毛或有时具毛。蒴果椭圆形，长1.3—1.5厘米，粗5—7毫米。花期通常3—5月，蒴果12月至次年1月开裂。
产贡山、福贡、泸水、景东、耿马、丽江、漾濞、红河、元阳、金平、屏边、文山；附生于海拔590—3000（贡山）米的山地阔叶林中树干上或山谷岩壁上。分布于西藏、甘肃、陕西、四川、贵州、广西、广东、湖南、河南、浙江、安徽、江西、福建。印度东北部、朝鲜半岛南部、日本也有。
茎入药，功同石斛 D．nobile Lindl．。

《Flora of China》|| Orchidaceae || Dendrobium ||细茎石斛 Dendrobium moniliforme

30. Dendrobium moniliforme (Linnaeus) Swartz, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 2. 6: 85. 1799.

细茎石斛 xi jing shi hu

Epidendrum moniliforme Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 954. 1753; Callista candida (Wallich ex Lindley) Kuntze; C. japonica (Blume) Kuntze; C. moniliformis (Linnaeus) Kuntze; C. spathacea (Lindley) Kuntze; Dendrobium candidum Wallich ex Lindley; D. castum Bateman ex H. G. Reichenbach; D. crispulum Kimura & Migo; D. heishanense Hayata; D. japonicum (Blume) Lindley; D. kosepangii C. L. Tso; D. kwangtungense C. L. Tso; D. monile (Thunberg) Kraenzlin; D. nienkui C. L. Tso; D. spathaceum Lindley; D. taiwanianum S. S. Ying; D. tosaense Makino var. chingshuishanianum S. S. Ying; D. wilsonii Rolfe; D. yunnanense Finet; D. zonatum Rolfe; E. monile Thunberg, nom. illeg. superfl.; Limodorum monile Thunberg, nom. illeg. superfl.; Onychium japonicum Blume.

Stems erect, cylindric, usually 10-30 cm or longer, slender, 3-6 mm in diam., with many nodes, internodes 1.5-2.5 cm, golden yellow or yellow tinged with dark gray when dry. Leaves several, often alternate on stem above middle, lanceolate, oblong, or narrowly oblong, 3-5(-7) × 0.5-1.2(-1.5) cm, base decurrent into clasping sheaths, apex obtuse and slightly unequally bilobed. Inflorescences 1 to several, borne above middle of deciduous or leafy old stem, usually 1-3-flowered; peduncle 3-5 mm; floral bracts pale white, tinged with brown spots, ovate, 3-7(-8) × 2-3(or more) mm, dry, membranous, apex obtuse or acuminate. Pedicel and ovary white, 1-3 cm, slender. Flowers sometimes fragrant, yellowish green, creamy white, or white tinged with pale purplish red; lip white, pale yellowish green, or greenish white, spots tinged with pale brown or purplish red to pale yellow, often with a purplish red, pale brown, pale yellow, or yellowish green central spot near base of mid-lobe, column white, foot often with purplish red stripes at base, anther cap white or pale yellow. Sepals and petals similar, ovate-oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, (10-)13-40 × (1.5-)3-10 mm, 5- or 6-veined, apex acute, acuminate, or obtuse; lateral sepals oblique and adnate to column foot; mentum conic or subglobose, 4-15 × ca. 5 mm, obtuse. Petals subelliptic, (23-)25-40 × 10-15 mm, 5- or 6-veined, acute; lip ovate-lanceolate in outline, slightly shorter than sepal, base cuneate, distinctly or inconspicuously 3-lobed; lateral lobes subrounded, erect, embracing column, margin entire or irregularly toothed; mid-lobe ovate to ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, base often with an elliptic callus, margin entire, apex acute or slightly obtuse; disk densely pubescent between 2 lateral lobes. Column 3-4 mm, foot ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous or sometimes hairy; anther cap conic, sometimes densely finely papillate, apex unlobed.

Epiphytic on tree trunks in broad-leaved forests, lithophytic on rocks in forests and cliffs in valleys; 600-3000 m. SW Anhui, N and SE Fujian, S Gansu, N and SW Guangdong, N Guangxi, E Guizhou, Henan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, S Sichuan, Taiwan, NW to SE Yunnan, N Zhejiang [Bhutan, NE India, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, N Vietnam].

Dendrobium moniliforme var. malipoense L. J. Chen & Z. J. Liu (J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 26: 358. 2008), described from Yunnan (Malipo), is said to differ in its very small, fusiform stems 4-6 cm, inflorescence axis 1-2 cm, dorsal sepal narrowly oblong, and lip with three lamellae. However, H. P. Wood is skeptical that the taxon is really distinct from typical D. moniliforme.