《中国植物志》|| 唇形科 LABIATAE ||灰白毛系 Ser. Canescentes Knorr. ||假秦艽 Phlomis betonicoides Diels
9. 假秦艽 粗弓(云南丽江纳西语),甘草、上甘草、白洋参、白元参(云南丽江),白玄参(四川盐源)图版84:1-7
Phlomis betonicoides Diels in Notes Bot, Gard. Edin burgh 5: 241. 1912, In ibid. 7: 117, 314. 1912, 383. 1913; Kudo in Mere. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Univ. 2: 216. 1929 (auct. sphalmate ut "Dunn"); Hand. -Mazz. in Act. Hort, Gothob 13: 346. 1939——Phlomis tuberosa auct, non Linn. : Dunn in Notes Bot Gard. Edinburgh 6: 187. 1915, p. p.; Kudo in l. c. 216. 1929; Hand. -Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothoh. 9: 81. 1934, p. p., Symb. Sin. 7: 921. 1936.
多年生草本。根茎肥厚,疙瘩状串联。茎高30-80厘米,直立,四棱形,密被射线不等长的星状糙硬毛,不分枝。基生叶狭卵形、卵状披针形、三角形或卵圆形,长7.5-14厘米,宽5-7.5(10)厘米,先端钝或急尖,基部圆形、浅心形至心形,边缘为具胼胝服体小突尖的圆齿状至牙齿状,茎生叶卵圆形至披针形,长5-9厘米,宽2-4.5厘米,边缘为不整齐的圆齿状或牙齿状,苞叶披针形,长2.5-6厘米,宽1-2厘米,边缘牙齿状,叶片均上面密被中枝特长的星状糙伏毛或单毛,下面沿网脉上密被中枝特长的星状疏柔毛及单毛,其余部分被星状短柔毛,基生叶叶柄长3-15厘米,茎生叶叶柄长(0.3)1-3厘米,苞叶无柄。轮伞花多花密集;苞片深紫色,刺毛状,向上弯,略坚硬,被具节缘毛,长6-9毫米,与萼近等长。花尊管状钟形,长约10毫米,上半部及脉上被具节刚毛,其余部分疏被微柔毛,齿刺毛状,长1.8-4毫米,坚硬,平展,齿间具2小齿,边缘密被缘毛。花冠粉红色,长约1.8厘米,外面密被星状糙短硬毛,冠筒内面具毛环,冠檐二唇形,上唇长约8毫米,边缘为不整齐的齿状,自内面具髯毛,下唇长6-7毫米,先端3圆裂,中裂片倒卵状椭圆形,较大,侧裂片较小,近圆形,边缘均具不整齐的齿缺。雄蕊内藏,花丝具长毛,基部在毛环上不远处具短距状附属器。小坚果顶端微鳞毛,成熟时无毛。花期6-8月,果期9-10月。
产云南西北部,四川西南部及西藏东部;生于林间草地、林下或草坡上,海拔2700-3000米。模式标本采自云南丽江。
可分两个变型。一为原变型 f. betonicoides。另一变型为白花变型f. alba C. Y. Wu in Addenda 594. 1977.与原变型不同在于茎与叶毛被疏而短,花白色,产云南中甸,多生于空旷山坡,模式标本采自云南中甸哈巴雪山。两个变型的根均入药,民间用以治肚胀(食物中毒)、肚痛、腹泻及风寒感冒,又可健胃。
数据来源 中国植物物种信息数据库
《云南植物志》|| 唇形科 Labiatae ||糙苏属 Phlomis Linn. ||假秦艽 Phlomis betonicoides Diels
1.假秦艽 图版147,1-7
“粗弓”(丽江纳西族语)、甘草、雪山甘草、白洋参、白元参(丽江)、土甘草(中甸)、白玄参(四川盐源)、辛参(丽江)
Phlomis betonicoides Diels (1912, 1913); Kudo (1929, auct. sphalmate ut "Dunn"); Hand.-Mazz. (1939).
Ph. tuberosa auct. non Linn.: Dunn (1915), p. p.; Kudo (1929); Hand.-Mazz. (1934), p. p. (1936).
多年生草本,根茎肥厚、疙瘩状串联。茎高30-80厘米,直立,四棱形、密被射线不等长的星状糙硬毛、不分枝。基生叶纸质,狭卵形、卵状披针形、三角形或卵圆形、长7.5-14厘米,宽5-7.5(-10)厘米、先端钝或急尖,基部圆形,浅心形至心形,边缘为具胼胝体小突尖的圆齿状至牙齿状,茎生叶卵圆形至披针形,长5-9厘米,宽2-4.5厘米,边缘为不整齐的圆齿状或牙齿状,向上渐过渡为苞叶,叶面均密被中枝特长的星状糙伏毛和单毛,背面沿网脉密被中枝特长的星状疏柔毛及单毛,余部被星状短柔毛,基生叶叶柄长3-15厘米,茎生叶叶柄长(0.3-)1-3厘米,苞叶无柄。轮伞花序多花,4-5轮;苞片刺毛状,向上弯,长6-9毫米,被具节缘毛,与萼近等长。花萼管状钟形,长约10毫米,上半部及脉上被具节刚毛,其余部分疏被微柔毛、齿刺毛状,长1.8-4毫米。坚硬,平展、齿间具2小齿、边缘密被长缘毛。花冠粉红色,长约1.8厘米,外面密被星状糙短硬毛,冠管内面具毛环,冠檐上唇长约8毫米,边缘具不整齐的牙齿,自内面具髯毛,下唇长6—7毫米,先端3圆裂,中裂片倒卵状椭圆形,较大,侧裂片近圆形、较小、边缘均具不整齐的齿缺。雄蕊内含,花丝具长毛,基部在毛环上不远处具短距状附属器。小坚果顶端具微鳞毛,成熟时无毛。花期6—8月,果期9—10月。
产云南西北部(丽江、中甸、永胜)海拔2700—3000米的高山草地、林间草地或林缘。分布于我国四川西南部及西藏东部。模式标本采自丽江。
可分两个变型,一为假秦艽 f. betonicoides,另一变型为白花假秦艽 f. alba C. Y. Wu, 后者的特点在于:茎、叶毛被疏而短,花白色,多生于空旷山坡,产云南中甸,模式标本(冯国楣1245)采自中甸哈巴雪山。
两个变型根均入药,可治消化不良、腹胀、咽喉疼痛、跌打痨伤、肺炎,并解各种药物中毒。
数据来源 中国植物物种信息数据库
《Flora of China》|| Lamiaceae || Phlomis ||假秦艽 Phlomis betonicoides
9. Phlomis betonicoides Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh. 5: 241. 1912.
假秦艽 jia qin jiu
Phlomis betonicoides Diels f. alba C. Y. Wu.
Roots moniliform. Stems erect, 30-80 cm, densely stellate hispid, unbranched. Petiole of basal leaves 3-15 cm, others (0.3-)1-3 cm; basal leaf blade narrowly ovate to triangular, 7.5-14 × 5-7.5(-10) cm, adaxially densely stellate strigose or with simple hairs, abaxially stellate and with simple hairs on veins, base rounded to cordate, margin crenate to dentate, apex obtuse to acute; stem leaves 5-9 × 2-4.5 cm, with similar indumentum. Verticillasters many flowered; floral leaves sessile, 2.5-6 × 1-2 cm; bracts dark purple, bristlelike, ciliate, nearly as long as calyx. Calyx tubular-campanulate, ca. 1 cm, bristly at apex and on veins, base sparsely puberulent; teeth bristlelike, 1.8-4 mm, rigid, spreading, margin double dentate, densely ciliate. Corolla reddish to white, ca. 1.8 cm, densely stellate hispidulous outside, villous annulate inside; upper lip ca. 8 mm, bearded inside, margin irregularly denticulate; lower lip 6-7 mm, middle lobe largest, obovate-elliptic, lateral lobes subcircular, margin irregularly denticulate. Stamens included; filaments villous, appendage short spurred at base. Nutlets apex slightly scaly, glabrous at maturity. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Sep-Oct.
* Grassy slopes, forested grassland, forests; 2700-3000 m. Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan
Roots used as a medicine for colds and diarrhea.
数据来源 eFloras.org