《中国植物志》|| 桔梗科 CAMPANULACEAE ||党参组 Sect. Codonopsis ||羊乳 Codonopsis lanceolata (Siebold & Zucc.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Trautv.

1. 羊乳 羊奶参，轮叶党参
Codonopsis lanceolata (Sieb. et Zucc.) Trautv., Act. Hort. Petrop. 6: 46. 1879; Hemsl., Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 5. 1889; Kom., Act. Hort. Petrop. 25: 571. 1907; ibid. 29 (1): 109. 1908; Chipp, Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 38: 379-380. 1908; Tsoong, Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 3 (3): 95-97. 1935; 中国高等植物图鉴, 4: 383. 773. 图6180, 1975; 沈联德等, 植物分类学报, 13 (3): 62. 1975. Glossocomia hortensis Rupr., Bull. Phys. -Math. Acad. Petersb. 15: 209. 1857.——G. lanceolata Rgl., Bull. Phys. Math. Acad. Petersb. 15: 223. 1857. ——Campanumoea lanceolata Sieb. et Zucc., Fl. Jap. 1: 174. t. 91. 1835.
植株全体光滑无毛或茎叶偶疏生柔毛。茎基略近于圆锥状或圆柱状，表面有多数瘤状茎痕，根常肥大呈纺锤状而有少数细小侧根，长约10-20厘米，直径1-6厘米，表面灰黄色，近上部有稀疏环纹，而下部则疏生横长皮孔。茎缠绕，长约1米，直径3-4毫米，常有多数短细分枝，黄绿而微带紫色。叶在主茎上的互生，披针形或菱状狭卵形，细小，长0.8-1.4厘米，宽3-7毫米；在小枝顶端通常2-4叶簇生，而近于对生或轮生状，叶柄短小，长1-5毫米，叶片菱状卵形、狭卵形或椭圆形，长3-10厘米，宽1.3-4.5厘米，顶端尖或钝，基部渐狭，通常全缘或有疏波状锯齿，上面绿色，下面灰绿色，叶脉明显。花单生或对生于小枝顶端；花梗长1-9厘米；花萼贴生至子房中部，筒部半球状，裂片湾缺尖狭，或开花后渐变宽钝，裂片卵状三角形，长1.3-3厘米，宽0.5-1厘米，端尖，全缘；花冠阔钟状，长2-4厘米，直径2-3.5厘米，浅裂，裂片三角状，反卷，长约0.5-1厘米，黄绿色或乳白色内有紫色斑；花盘肉质，深绿色；花丝钻状，基部微扩大，长约4-6毫米，花药3-5毫米；子房下位。蒴果下部半球状，上部有喙，直径约2-2.5厘米。种子多数，卵形，有翼，细小，棕色。花果期7-8月。
产东北、华北、华东和中南各省区。苏联远东地区、朝鲜、日本也有分布。生于山地灌木林下沟边阴湿地区或阔叶林内。模式标本采自日本。

《Flora of China》|| Campanulaceae || Codonopsis ||羊乳 Codonopsis lanceolata

1. Codonopsis lanceolata (Siebold & Zuccarini) Trautvetter, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada. 6: 46. 1879.

羊乳 yang ru

Campanumoea lanceolata Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. 1: 174. 1841; C. japonica Siebold ex E. Morren; Codonopsis bodinieri H. Léveillé; Glosocomia lanceolata (Siebold & Zuccarini) Maximowicz.

Plants glabrous throughout or occasionally sparsely villous on stems and leaves. Caudexes subcylindrical. Roots usually fusiform-thickened, 10-20 × 1-6 cm. Stems twining, yellow-green but with purplish shade, more than 100 cm, often branched. Leaves on main stems alternate, lanceolate, ovate, or elliptic, 8-14 × 3-7 mm; usually leaves 2-4-fascicled on top of branchlets, subopposite or verticillate, petiole 1-5 mm; blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially green, ovate, narrowly ovate, or elliptic, 3-12 × 1.3-5.5 cm, abaxially rarely hirsute, veins obvious, base attenuate or sometimes rounded, margin usually entire or sparsely sinuate, occasionally revolute and hispid, apex acute or obtuse. Flowers solitary or paired on top of branchlets; pedicels 1-9 cm. Calyx adnate to ovary by half; tube hemispherical; lobes ovate or deltoid, 1-3 × 0.5-1 cm, entire, acute; sinus between calyx lobes acute or gradually becoming broader after anthesis. Corolla broadly campanulate, 2-4 × 2-3.5 cm, shallowly lobed; lobes yellow-green or milk-white, with purple spots, deltoid, 0.5-1 cm, revolute. Disk dark green, fleshy. Filaments subulate, slightly dilated at base, 4-6 mm; anthers 3-5 mm; ovary inferior. Capsule hemispherical at base, rostrate toward apex, 1.6-3.5 cm in diam. Seeds numerous, brown, winged, seed body oblong or ellipsoid. Fl. and fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 16.

Shrublands, broad-leaved forests; 200-1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia (Far East)].