《中国植物志》|| 菊科 COMPOSITAE ||蓍组 Sect. Achillea ||蓍 Achillea millefolium L.

1.蓍 欧蓍、千叶蓍（东北植物检索表），锯草（华北经济植物志要）
Achillea millefolium L., Sp. Pl. 899. 1753; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 2: 493. 1934; 刘慎谔等, 东北植物检索表386. 图版132. 图8. 1959; 裴鉴等, 江苏南部种子植物手册773. 图1245. 1959; Afan. in Fl. URSS 26: 78. 1961; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan 1VIus. 18:88. 1965; 中国高等植物图 鉴4: 500. 图6414. 1975.
多年生草本，具细的匍匐根茎。茎直立，高40-100厘米，有细条纹，通常被白色长柔毛，上部分枝或不分枝，中部以上叶腋常有缩短的不育枝。叶无柄，披针形、矩圆状披针形或近条形，长5-7厘米，宽1-1.5厘米，（二）至三回羽状全裂，叶轴宽约1.5-2毫米，一回裂片多数，间隔1.5-7毫米，有时基部裂片之间的上部有1中间齿，末回裂片披针形至条形，长0.5-1.5毫米，宽0.3-0.5毫米，顶端具软骨质短尖，上面密生凹入的腺体，多少被毛，下面被较密的贴伏的长柔毛。下部叶和营养枝的叶长10-20厘米，宽1-2.5厘米。头状花序多数，密集成直径2-6厘米的复伞房状；总苞矩圆形或近卵形，长约4毫米，宽约3毫米，疏生柔毛；总苞片3层，覆瓦状排列，椭圆形至矩圆形，长1.5-3毫米，宽1-1.3毫米，背中间绿色，中脉凸起，边缘膜质，棕色或淡黄色；托片矩圆状椭圆形，膜质，背面散生黄色闪亮的腺点，上部被短柔毛。边花5朵；舌片近圆形，白色、粉红色或淡紫红色，长1.5-3毫米，宽2-2.5毫米，顶端2-3齿；盘花两性，管状，黄色，长约2.2-3毫米，5齿裂，外面具腺点。瘦果矩圆形，长约2毫米，淡绿色，有狭的淡白色边肋，无冠状冠毛。花果期7-9月。
我国各地庭园常有栽培，新疆、内蒙古及东北少见野生。广泛分布欧洲、非洲北部、伊朗、蒙古、苏联西伯利亚。在北美广泛归化。生于湿草地、荒地及铁路沿线。叶、花含芳香油，全草又可入药，有发汗、驱风之效。

《Flora of North America》|| Asteraceae || Achillea || Achillea millefolium

1. Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 899. 1753.

Common yarrow, achillée millefeuille, herbe-à-dinde

Achillea alpicola (Rydberg) Rydberg; A. arenicola A. Heller; A. borealis Bongard subsp. arenicola (A. Heller) D. D. Keck; A. borealis subsp. californica (Pollard) D. D. Keck; A. californica Pollard; A. gigantea Pollard; A. lanulosa Nuttall; A. lanulosa subsp. alpicola (Rydberg) D. D. Keck; A. laxiflora Pollard & Cockerell; A. megacephala Raup; A. millefolium var. alpicola (Rydberg) Garrett; A. millefolium var. arenicola (A. Heller) Nobs; A. millefolium var. asplenifolia (Ventenat) Farwell; A. millefolium subsp. borealis (Bongard) Breitung; A. millefolium var. borealis (Bongard) Farwell; A. millefolium var. californica (Pollard) Jepson; A. millefolium var. gigantea (Pollard) Nobs; A. millefolium subsp. lanulosa (Nuttall) Piper; A. millefolium var. lanulosa (Nuttall) Piper; A. millefolium var. litoralis Ehrendorfer ex Nobs; A. millefolium var. maritima Jepson; A. millefolium var. megacephala (Raup) B. Boivin; A. millefolium var. nigrescens E. Meyer; A. millefolium var. occidentalis de Candolle; A. millefolium var. pacifica (Rydberg) G. N. Jones; A. millefolium var. puberula (Rydberg) Nobs; A. nigrescens (E. Meyer) Rydberg; A. occidentalis (de Candolle) Rafinesque ex Rydberg; A. pacifica Rydberg; A. puberula Rydberg; A. rosea Desfontaines; A. subalpina Greene

Perennials, 6–65+ cm (usually rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous). Stems 1(–4), erect, simple or branched, densely lanate-tomentose to glabrate. Leaves petiolate (proximally) or sessile (distally, weakly clasping and gradually reduced); blades oblong or lanceolate, 3.5–35+ cm × 5–35 mm, 1–2-pinnately lobed (ultimate lobes ± lanceolate, often arrayed in multiple planes), faces glabrate to sparsely tomentose or densely lanate. Heads 10–100+, in simple or compound, corymbiform arrays. Phyllaries 20–30 in ± 3 series, (light green, midribs dark green to yellowish, margins green to light or dark brown) ovate to lanceolate, abaxial faces tomentose. Receptacles convex; paleae lanceolate, 1.5–4 mm. Ray florets (3–)5–8, pistillate, fertile; corollas white or light pink to deep purple, laminae 1.5–3 × 1.5–3 mm. Disc florets 10–20; corollas white to grayish white, 2–4.5 mm. Cypselae 1–2 mm (margins broadly winged). 2n = 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72 (including counts from Europe).

Flowering late Apr–early Jul (south), mid Jul–mid Sep (north). Pastures, meadows, roadsides, stream sides, woodlands, waste grounds, dry or sandy soils, also in damp, clayey, and salty soils; 0–3600 m; Greenland; St. Pierre and Miquelon; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., N.S., Nunavut, Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon; Ala., Alaska, Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo.; Mexico; Eurasia.

Achillea millefolium is morphologically variable and has been treated as either a single species with varieties or as multiple distinct species. At least 58 names have been used for North American specimens. Some early workers (e.g., J. Clausen et al. 1948) thought the native North American plants were taxonomically distinguishable from introduced, Old World plants. Other workers (e.g., R. J. Tyrl 1975) have treated A. millefolium as a cosmopolitan, Northern Hemisphere polyploid complex of native and introduced plants that have hybridized, forming diploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, hexaploid, septaploid, and octoploid plants and/or populations constituting a single, variable species.

Morphologic characters that have been used to segregate these populations into species and/or varieties include: (1) degree and persistence of tomentum; (2) phyllaries with greenish, light brown, or dark brown margins; (3) shapes of capitulescences (rounded or flat-topped); and (4) degrees of leaf dissection and shapes of lobes.

While examining specimens for this treatment, two general trends were noted: (1) Plants growing either at high latitudes or high elevations tend to have darker colored margins on the phyllaries. (2) Plants at high latitudes or elevations or from extreme desert locations tend to be more densely lanate than plants from less extreme habitats. These are only trends; variations in local populations due to local environmental conditions are to be expected.

An eco-morphotype adapted to the Athabasca sand dunes of northern Saskatchewan has been known as A. megacephala or A. millefolium var. megacephala and has been treated as a taxon of special concern in Canada (V. L. Harms 1999).

《Flora of China》|| Asteraceae || Achillea || Achillea millefolium

1. Achillea millefolium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 899. 1753.

蓍 shi

Herbs, perennial, 40-100 cm tall, with long rhizomes; stems erect, unbranched or branched in upper part, often with short sterile branches at leaf axils above middle, striate, usually white villous. Leaves sessile; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or sublinear, 5-20 × 1-2.5 cm, (2 or)3-pinnatisect, abaxially densely villous, adaxially densely depressed glandular punctuate; ultimate segments lanceolate to linear, 0.5-1.5 × 0.3-0.5 mm, apex cartilaginous-mucronulate. Synflorescence a terminal flat-topped panicle 2-6 cm in diam. Capitula many. Involucres oblong or subovoid, ca. 4 × 3 mm; phyllaries in 3 rows, elliptic or oblong, 1.5-3 × 1-1.3 mm, scarious margin pale yellow or brown; midvein convex. Paleae oblong-elliptic, scarious, abaxially yellow gland-dotted. Ray florets 5; lamina white, pink, or violet-red, suborbicular, 1.5-3 × 2-2.5 mm, apex 2- or 3-denticulate. Disk florets yellow, tubular, 2.2-3 mm, exterior gland-dotted, apex 5-lobed. Achenes greenish, oblong, ca. 2 mm, with white lateral ribs. Corona absent. Fl. and fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 18, 27, 36 + 0-2B, 45, 54 + 0-3B, 72.

Widely cultivated in China, locally naturalized. Nei Mongol, Xinjiang [native to temperate and alpine regions of N Hemisphere].

Achillea millefolium is a very variable species with many synonyms outside of China.

The whole plant is used medicinally for inducing sweat and dispelling diseases.