《中国植物志》|| 木通科 LARDIZABALACEAE ||八月瓜属 Holboellia Wall. ||八月瓜 Holboellia latifolia Wall.
8.八月瓜 三叶莲、兰木香、刺藤果;五风藤(云南植物志)
Holboellia latifolia Wall. Tent. Fl. Nepal, 24: t. 16. 1824; Decne. in Arch. Mus. Paris 1: 184. t. 128. 1837; Lindl. in Bot, Reg. 32: t. 49. 1846; Hook. f. et Thoms. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 108. 1872; Rehd. in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 1: 347. 1913; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 264. 1931; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 17: 321. 1936; Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 92: 1966, 34. 1971; 云南植物志 2:5. 1999; 贵州植物志 2: 147. 1986; H. N. Qin in Cathaya 8-9: 120. 1997; pro parte, excl. syn. Holboellia ovatifoliolata Wu et Chen.——Stauntonia latifolia Wall. Cat. 4950. 1830. ——Holboellia acuminata Lindl. in Journ. Hort. Soc. 2: 313. 1847.——H. latifolia Wall. var. acuminata Gagnep. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 14: 67. 1908.
常绿木质藤本。茎与枝具明显的线纹。掌状复叶有小叶3-9片;叶柄稍纤细,长3.5-10厘米;小叶近革质,卵形、卵状长圆形、狭披针形或线状披针形,长5.5-14厘米,宽(2.5) 3.5-5厘米,先端渐尖或尾状渐尖,基部圆或阔楔形,有时近截平,上面暗绿色,有光泽,下面淡绿色;侧脉每边5-6条,至近叶缘处网结,与中脉及纤细的网脉均于下面清晰凸起;小叶柄纤细,长2-4厘米,中间1枚最长。花数朵组成伞房花序式的总状花序;总花梗纤细,长1-3.5(5)厘米,数枚簇生于叶腋,基部覆以阔卵形至近圆形的芽鳞片。雄花:绿白色,外轮萼片长圆形,长12-15毫米,宽4-5毫米,先端钝,内轮的较狭,长圆状披针形,先端急尖;花瓣极小,倒卵形,长不及1毫米;雄蕊长约12毫米,花丝线形,长约7毫米,稍粗,花药长约5毫米,顶具短凸头,退化心皮小,卵状锥形,长约1.5毫米。雌花:紫色,外轮萼片卵状长圆形,长约22毫米,宽7-8毫米,内轮的较狭和较短;退化雄蕊小,花药棒状;花瓣小;心皮长圆形或圆锥状,柱头无柄,偏斜。果为不规则的长圆形或椭圆形,熟时红紫色,长(3)5-7厘米,直径2-2.5厘米,两端钝而顶常具凸头,外面密布小疣凸;种子多数,倒卵形,种皮褐色。花期4-5月,果期7-9月。
数据来源 中国植物物种信息数据库
《云南植物志》|| 木通科 Lardizabalaceae ||鹰爪枫属 Holboellia Wall. ||五风藤 Holboellia latifolia Wall.
3.五风藤(南川,图鉴)图版2,1-3
八月瓜(屏边,昭通),刺藤果(景东),三叶莲(文山),兰木香(楚雄),牛懒袋果(双柏)
Holboellia latifolia Wall. (1824)*; Decne. (1837)*; Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. (1913); Hand. -Mzt. (1931); Hara (1966, 1971).
Stauntonia latifolia Wall. (1830); Holboellia latifolia var. latifolia Hook. f. et Thoms. in Hook. f. (1872).
常绿攀援灌木。指状复叶,由3或更多个小叶组成,无毛,叶柄长5—11厘米,小叶柄不等长,长0.6-3厘米;小叶卵圆形或倒卵状长圆形,至椭圆形,长5—7厘米,宽2.5—4.5厘米,生于主茎上的长5—15厘米,先端渐尖或尾状渐尖,基部阔楔形或圆形,上面暗亮绿色,下面较淡,革质。花为簇生叶腋的伞房花序,极芳香,单性,或经常在同1伞房花序上具两种性的花;雄花:萼片6,长1.5—1.7厘米,绿白色,狭长圆形,雄蕊长1.2厘米,花药比花丝短,花药长5毫米,花丝长7毫米;雌花较大,萼片长2.2厘米,紫色;花瓣6,小。果实为不规则长圆形,腊肠状,长5—7厘米,含多数种子。
云南全省大部分地区有分布,生于海拔600—2600(3350)米的密林林缘。我国贵州,四川,西藏东南部亦有,四川尚有一变种。国外延至印度东北部、不丹、尼泊尔。
药用,治子宫脱垂(楚雄)疝气,跌打损伤。果可食,树皮可制纤维。
此种叶形变异很大,通常长圆形至椭圆形,先端渐尖,属于var. latifolia [=var. acuminata(Lindl.)Gagn.(1908)]?,但龙陵贡山至独龙江一带,海拔1830-2300米(-3100)米的植株,小叶较大而薄,宽椭圆形至近圆形,先端有时锐尖,甚至圆钝。或可视为一个地区变种。腾冲猴桥海拔2500米的标本则小叶狭披针形,先端尾状渐尖,又显然接近于本种的狭叶变种 var. angustifolia Hook. f. et Thoms. in Hook. f.(1872)。
数据来源 中国植物物种信息数据库
《Flora of China》|| Lardizabalaceae || Holboellia ||八月瓜 Holboellia latifolia
6. Holboellia latifolia Wallich, Tent. Fl. Napal. 1: 24. 1824.
八月瓜 ba yue gua
Evergreen. Stems and branches conspicuously striate. Petiole slender, 3.5--12 cm; leaf blade palmately 3--9-foliolate; petiolules slender, 2--4 cm; leaflets 4--13 × 1--7 cm, papery or leathery, abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green and shiny, base rounded, broadly cuneate, or sometimes subtruncate, apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate; veins abaxially conspicuously prominent; secondary veins 5--8 pairs, anastomosing near margin. Inflorescences several, fascicled racemes; bracts broadly ovate to suborbicular, scaly, persistent; peduncle 1--3.5(--5) cm. Flowers several per raceme. Male flowers: sepals greenish white; outer 3 sepals oblong, 11--15 × 4--5 mm, apex obtuse; inner 3 sepals oblong-lanceolate, apex acute. Petals obovate to elliptic, less than 1 mm. Stamens 8--12 mm; filaments linear, 5.5--7 mm, slightly thick; anthers 3.5--5 mm; connective apical appendage short, apiculate. Pistillodes ovoid-subulate, ca. 1.5 mm. Female flowers: sepals purple; outer 3 sepals ovate-oblong, 16--22 × 7--9 mm; inner 3 sepals narrower and shorter. Staminodes minute; anthers clavate. Carpels oblong to conical. Stigma sessile, oblique. Fruit reddish purple at maturity, irregularly oblong to ellipsoid, (3--)5--7 × ca. 4 cm, densely and minutely tuberculate, obtuse at both ends, apex often mucronate. Seeds numerous, obovoid; seed coat brown. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Jul--Sep.
Forests, mixed forests by streams or other shady moist sites, forest margins on mountain slopes, along valleys; 600--3000 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, Nepal, Sikkim].
数据来源 eFloras.org