《中国植物志》|| 麻黄科 EPHEDRACEAE ||麻黄组 Sect. Ephedra ||藏麻黄 Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin

5.藏麻黄（中国裸子植物志）
Ephedra saxatilis Royle ex Florin in Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl. ser. 3. 12 (1): 25. t. 4. f. 2. 1933;郝景盛, 中国裸子植物志130. 1945,再版109. 1951.——Ephedra gerardiana Wall. var. saxatilis Stapf in Denkschr. Math.-Nat. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien 56 (2): 76. T. 3. t. 18. f. 5. 1889; Rehd. Man. Cult. Trees and Shrubs 68. 1927, ed. 70. 1940, et Bibliogr. 65. 1949.
小灌木，高20-60厘米，茎直立，粗壮；茎皮灰褐色或灰黄色；绿色小枝密集于节上成假轮生状，节间长2-3厘米，径1.5-3毫米，纵槽纹明显。叶2裂，长约3毫米，下部约1/2以上合生，裂片宽三角形或三角状卵形，先端钝或圆，中央绿色部分窄直，周围膜质透明。雄球花对生于节上，常2-3个组成复穗状，苞片(4-) 5-6 (-7)对，近圆形，膜质部分明显宽阔，雄花通常具8枚雄蕊，花丝全部合生，上部伸出苞片之外，假花被倒卵圆形；雌球花对生于节上，通常单生，稀2-3个组成复穗状，无梗或有短梗，苞片2-3对，基部1/5-1/2合生，雌花2，稀1，珠被管长约0.5毫米，直立。成熟雌球花浆果状，苞片肉质红色；种子常露出于苞片之外，卵圆形，长约6毫米，径约3毫米，灰黑色，被白粉，边缘常有棱肋。花期7月，种子8-9月成熟。
产于西藏南部山区及拉萨附近海拔3600-4500米地带。模式标本采自喜马拉雅山。
据R. Florin记载西藏南部有E. saxatilis var. sikkimensis (Stapf) Florin（文献与藏麻黄同，28. t. 5. f. 1.) ，它与原变种的区别为植株高15-20厘米，雄球花具2-4对苞片。经查核采自西藏南部的标本，植株高15-60厘米，雄球花具4-7对苞片，而以5-6对为多，从未见到2或3对，这些特征与藏麻黄E. saxatilis Royle ex Florin一致。至于"var. sikkimensis"是否应该成立，我国有无分布，尚待进一步调查研究。

《Flora of China》|| Ephedraceae || Ephedra ||藏麻黄 Ephedra saxatilis

5. Ephedra saxatilis (Stapf) Royle ex Florin, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., ser. 3. 12: 25. 1933.

藏麻黄 zang ma huang

Ephedra gerardiana Wallich ex C. A. Meyer var. saxatilis Stapf, Österr. Akad. Wiss. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl., Denkschr. 56(2): 76. 1889; E. likiangensis Florin f. mairei (Florin) C. Y. Cheng; E. likiangensis var. mairei (Florin) L. K. Fu & Y. F. Yu; E. saxatilis var. mairei Florin.

Shrubs small, to 60 cm; stems erect or ascending, grayish brown or grayish yellow, stout; green branchlets clustered at nodes, radially arranged; internodes 2-3(-4) cm × 1.5-3 mm, prominently furrowed when dry, smooth or scabridulous. Leaves opposite, (2-)3(-6) mm, connate for 1/2-3/4 their length. Pollen cones 1-3, usually opposite at nodes, sessile or shortly pedunculate; bracts in (3-)5 or 6(or 7) pairs, margins broad, membranous; staminal columns exserted at apex, with 6-8 sessile anthers. Seed cones solitary or opposite sometimes at subsequent nodes, sessile or shortly pedunculate, bracts in 2 or 3 pairs, connate for 1/5-2/3 their length, margins narrowly membranous, red and fleshy at maturity; integument tube ca. 0.5 mm, straight. Seeds often 2, grayish black, pruinose, ovoid to subcylindric, ca. 6 × 3 mm, ridged, usually exserted. Pollination Jul, seed maturity Aug-Sep. 2n = 28*.

Mountain slopes and sandy places; 3100-4600 m. S Xizang, N Yunnan [Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim]

Ephedra saxatilis var. mairei is said to differ mainly in having seed cones sessile, pollen cones with fewer (2-5) bracts, and primary branches often pendulous or prostrate. If it is at all distinct, the appropriate taxonomic rank is not clear. It has been transferred to E. likiangensis, but one of the most distinctive characters of that species, the degree to which the apical bracts in the female cones are connate (3/4-8/9 their length) is not found in var. mairei. The taxon is therefore included here in the synonymy of E. saxatilis.