《中国植物志》|| 百合科 LILIACEAE ||贝母组 Sect. Fritillaria ||平贝母 Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim.

6. 平贝母
Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim. in Trautv., Regel, Maxim. et Winkl., Dec. Pl. Nov. 9. 1882; 刘慎谔等, 东北植物检索表574, 图版216, 图4. 1959; 中药志1: 220, 图150. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 463, 图7755. 1976.
植株长可达1米。鳞茎由2枚鳞片组成，直径1-1.5厘米，周围还常有少数小鳞茎，容易脱落。叶轮生或对生，在中上部常兼有少数散生的，条形至披针形，长7-14厘米，宽3-6.5毫米，先端不卷曲或稍卷曲。花1-3朵，紫色而具黄色小方格，顶端的花具4-6枚叶状苞片，苞片先端强烈卷曲；外花被片长约3.5厘米，宽约1.5厘米，比内花被片稍长而宽；蜜腺窝在背面明显凸出；雄蕊长约为花被片的3/5，花药近基着，花丝具小乳突，上部更多；花柱也有乳突，柱头裂片长约5毫米。花期5-6月。
产辽宁、吉林、黑龙江。生于低海拔地区的林下、草甸或河谷。也分布于苏联远东地区。
本种有悠久的栽培历史，是药材“平贝”的唯一来源。在吉林的抚松、通化、临江等地有栽培，北京昌平也开始栽培。关于栽培方法可参考抚松医药公司1973年编的《贝母栽培方法》。
本种花柱有乳突，叶较多轮，顶端的花具4-6枚叶状苞片，很容易区别于国产其他种类。

《Flora of China》|| Liliaceae || Fritillaria ||平贝母 Fritillaria ussuriensis

14. Fritillaria ussuriensis Maximowicz in Trautvetter et al., Decas Pl. Nov. 9. 1882.

平贝母 ping bei mu

Fritillaria ussuriensis f. lutosa C. F. Fang.

Bulb of 2 scales, 1--1.5 cm in diam., usually with a few bulbels around it. Stem 50--60(--100) cm. Leaves 14--17, basal ones usually in a whorl of 3, middle and distal ones whorled or opposite, sometimes also alternate; leaf blade linear to lanceolate, 7--14 × 3--6.5 cm, apex sometimes slightly cirrose. Inflorescence 1(--3)-flowered; bracts 2 per flower (often with 4 or 5 extra bracts on extension of stem above flower), apex strongly cirrose. Flower nodding, tubular-campanulate; pedicel 2.5--3.5 cm. Tepals purple adaxially, brownish violet abaxially, tessellated with yellow, oblong-obovate to subelliptic, ca. 3.5 × 1.5 cm; nectaries projecting at a right angle abaxially. Filaments papillose, longer than anthers. Style 3-lobed, ± papillose; lobes ca. 5 mm. Capsule wingless. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Jul. 2 n = 24*.

Forests, thickets, meadows, streamsides, shady and moist places; near sea level to 500 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Korea, Russia (Far East)].

Fritillaria ussuriensis is cultivated in China for its bulbs, which are used medicinally. It is a vulnerable species in China.