《中国植物志》|| 葫芦科 CUCURBITACEAE ||黄瓜属 Cucumis Linn. ||甜瓜 Cucumis melo L.

1. 甜瓜（郭秦驼种树书）香瓜（滇南本草，本草纲目），哈密瓜，白兰瓜，华莱士瓜
Cucumis melo Linn., Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 1011. 1753, et ed. 2. 1436. 1763; Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 591. 1790; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. , Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 620. 1879; Cogn. in DC., Mon. Phan. 3: 482. 1881; Cogn. u. Harms in Engl., Pflanzenr. 88 (TV. 275. 2): 120. 1924; Merr. in Lingnam Sci. Journ. 5: 180. 1927; Chakr. in Ind. Journ. Agric. Sc. 16 (1): 52. 1946, et in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 17 (1): 102. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴 4: 361, 图6136. 1975; Keraudren in Aubreville et Leroy, Fl. Cambodge Laos Vietnam 15: 70. 1975. ——C. dudaim Linn., Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 1011. 1753.
一年生匍匐或攀援草本；茎、枝有棱，有黄褐色或白色的糙硬毛和疣状突起。卷须纤细，单一，被微柔毛。叶柄长8-12厘米，具槽沟及短刚毛；叶片厚纸质，近圆形或肾形，长、宽均8-15厘米，上面粗糙，被白色糙硬毛，背面沿脉密被糙硬毛，边缘不分裂或3-7浅裂，裂片先端圆钝，有锯齿，基部截形或具半圆形的弯缺，具掌状脉。花单性，雌雄同株。雄花：数朵簇生于叶腋；花梗纤细，长0.5-2厘米，被柔毛；花萼筒狭钟形，密被白色长柔毛，长6-8毫米，裂片近钻形，直立或开展，比筒部短；花冠黄色，长2厘米，裂片卵状长圆形，急尖；雄蕊3，花丝极短，药室折曲，药隔顶端引长；退化雌蕊长约1毫米。雌花：单生，花梗粗糙，被柔毛；子房长椭圆形，密被长柔毛和长糙硬毛，花柱长1-2毫米，柱头靠合，长约2毫米。果实的形状、颜色因品种而异，通常为球形或长椭圆形，果皮平滑，有纵沟纹，或斑纹，无刺状突起，果肉白色、黄色或绿色，有香甜味；种子污白色或黄白色，卵形或长圆形，先端尖，基部钝，表面光滑，无边缘。花果期夏季。
全国各地广泛栽培。世界温带至热带地区也广泛栽培。
本种为我国最早利用为果品的瓜类，《诗经》等古籍多有之，发掘材料如马王堆女尸胃中已常见，贾思勰《齐民要术》称为小瓜，以别于古已有之的冬瓜（大瓜）。因本种栽培悠久，品种繁多，果实形状、色泽、大小和味道也因品种而异，园艺上分为数十个品系，例如普通香瓜、哈密瓜、白兰瓜等均属不同的品系。
本种果实为盛夏的重要水果；全草药用，有祛炎败毒、催吐、除湿、退黄疸等功效。

《云南植物志》|| 葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae nom. conserv. ||黄瓜属 Cucumis Linn. ||甜瓜 (原变种) Cucumis melo var. melo

1a.甜瓜（原变种）
香瓜（滇南本草），蜜糖埕（广州），哈密瓜（新疆），白兰瓜（兰州），华莱士瓜
var. melo
一年生匍匐或攀援草本。茎、枝具棱沟，被短刚毛。叶片纸质，近圆形或肾形，长、宽均为7—15厘米，常5—7浅裂，裂片先端钝圆，边缘具微齿，基部心形，弯缺深2—2.5厘米，叶面绿色，背面淡绿色，两面密被短刚毛，掌状脉5—7条；叶柄长8—11厘米，被长硬毛；卷须单1，疏被短刚毛。花单性，雌雄同株；雄花：数花簇生于叶腋内，花梗纤细，长5—25毫米，被长柔毛；花萼筒狭钟形，长6—10毫米，被长柔毛，裂片钻形，直立或开展，短于萼筒；花冠黄色，长约2厘米，裂片卵状长圆形，先端钝，被长硬毛及短柔毛；雄蕊3，分离，花丝极短，药室折曲，药隔顶端延长；退化雌蕊长约1毫米；雌花：单生，花梗长4—20毫米；花被片同雄花；子房卵形或长椭圆形，密被长柔毛，花柱长1—2毫米，柱头3，靠合。果实通常球形或长椭圆形，略具纵沟纹或各种斑纹，幼时被柔毛，后变光滑，果肉黄色或带绿色，味香甜，有多数种子；种子卵形或长圆形，白色或黄白色，扁平。花果期夏季。
西双版纳（勐腊）和全国各地广泛栽培。世界温带至热带地区亦广泛栽培。
本种为我国最早利用为果品的瓜类，《诗经》等古籍多有记载，考古发掘材料如马王堆女尸胃中得见，贾思勰的《齐民要术》中称为小瓜，以别于古已有的冬瓜（大瓜）。因栽培历史悠久，故品种繁多，其果实大小、形状、颜色、斑纹及果皮的软硬和味道变化很大，如常见的香瓜、哈密瓜、白兰瓜和华莱士瓜等均为本种的不同品系。
果实为盛夏的重要水果；全草和种子、瓜蒂均入药。种子有散结、消瘀、清肺、润肠的功效；瓜蒂有小毒，有催吐、消食的功效；果实有消暑热、解烦渴、利小便的功能。

《云南植物志》|| 葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae nom. conserv. ||黄瓜属 Cucumis Linn. ||甜瓜 Cucumis melo Linn.

1.甜瓜（开宝本草）
Cucumis melo Linn. (1753), (1763); Lour. (1790); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. (1879); Cogn. in DC. (1881); Gagnep. in Lecte. (1921); Cogn. u. Harms in Engl. (1924); Merr. (1927), (1935); Craib (1931); Hand. -Mazz. (1936); Chakrav. (1946), (1959); Back. et Bakh. f. (1963); Keraudren in Aubrèv. et Leroy (1975); "图鉴" (1975)*; Hara et Sutton in Hara et al. (1979); 吴征镒 (1984); 秦岭植物志 (1985); 路安民、张志耘 (1986)*.
一年生匍匐或攀援草本。茎、枝具棱沟，被短刚毛。叶片纸质，近圆形或肾形，长、宽均为7—15厘米，常5—7浅裂，裂片先端钝圆，边缘具微齿，基部心形，弯缺深2—2.5厘米，叶面绿色，背面淡绿色，两面密被短刚毛，掌状脉5—7条；叶柄长8—11厘米，被长硬毛；卷须单1，疏被短刚毛。花单性，雌雄同株；雄花：数花簇生于叶腋内，花梗纤细，长5—25毫米，被长柔毛；花萼筒狭钟形，长6—10毫米，被长柔毛，裂片钻形，直立或开展，短于萼筒；花冠黄色，长约2厘米，裂片卵状长圆形，先端钝，被长硬毛及短柔毛；雄蕊3，分离，花丝极短，药室折曲，药隔顶端延长；退化雌蕊长约1毫米；雌花：单生，花梗长4—20毫米；花被片同雄花；子房卵形或长椭圆形，密被长柔毛，花柱长1—2毫米，柱头3，靠合。果实通常球形或长椭圆形，略具纵沟纹或各种斑纹，幼时被柔毛，后变光滑，果肉黄色或带绿色，味香甜，有多数种子；种子卵形或长圆形，白色或黄白色，扁平。花果期夏季。
西双版纳（勐腊）和全国各地广泛栽培。世界温带至热带地区亦广泛栽培。
本种为我国最早利用为果品的瓜类，《诗经》等古籍多有记载，考古发掘材料如马王堆女尸胃中得见，贾思勰的《齐民要术》中称为小瓜，以别于古已有的冬瓜（大瓜）。因栽培历史悠久，故品种繁多，其果实大小、形状、颜色、斑纹及果皮的软硬和味道变化很大，如常见的香瓜、哈密瓜、白兰瓜和华莱士瓜等均为本种的不同品系。
果实为盛夏的重要水果；全草和种子、瓜蒂均入药。种子有散结、消瘀、清肺、润肠的功效；瓜蒂有小毒，有催吐、消食的功效；果实有消暑热、解烦渴、利小便的功能。

《Flora of China》|| Cucurbitaceae || Cucumis ||甜瓜 Cucumis melo

1. Cucumis melo Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1011. 1753.

甜瓜 tian gua

Plants creeping. Stems and branches scabrous, puberulent, or hispid. Tendrils filiform, puberulent. Petiole 7-12 cm, setose; leaf blade suborbicular or reniform, 6-15 × 6-15 cm, papery, abaxially hispid, adaxially scabrous, undivided or 3-7-lobed, dentate; sinus truncate or rounded. Plants monoecious or flowers bisexual. Male flowers 1 or 2 to several, fasciculate; pedicels filiform, 0.5-4 cm, pubescent; calyx tube narrowly campanulate, 3-8 mm, densely hispidulous to white villous; segments subulate or linear, 2-4 × 0.4-1.2 mm; corolla yellow; tube 1-2 mm; segments ovate-oblong to broadly ovate or obovate, 3-24 × 2.5-20 mm, obtuse; anther cells flexuous. Female flowers solitary; ovary ellipsoid or fusiform, 4-11 × 2-5 mm, densely white lanate, villous or puberulent; style 1-2 mm; stigmas 3, 2-2.5 mm. Fruit very variable in size, shape, color, odor, and taste. Seeds numerous, yellow-white, ovate-oblong, 4-8 × 2.4-4 mm, smooth, base rounded, apex acute, emarginate. Fl. and fr. May-Sep.

Farmlands, roadsides. Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, Xinjiang, C and E China; also cultivated throughout China [native to Old World tropics and subtropics; introduced in New World tropics; widely cultivated in tropical and temperate countries].

《Flora of North America》|| Cucurbitaceae || Cucumis || Cucumis melo

2. Cucumis melo Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1011. 1753.
[I]

Cantaloupe, honeydew, muskmelon Cantaloupe, honeydew, muskmelon

Plants monoecious or andromonoecious, roots thin or with thick, woody rootstock. Tendrils sparsely hispid. Leaves: petiole hispid to hispidulous or retrorsely strigose; blade broadly ovate, unlobed or palmately 3–5-lobed, 2–14(–26) × 2–15(–26) cm, length 0.8–1.3 times width, base cordate, lobes elliptic or oblong to ovate, margins entire or weakly serrate. Inflorescences: pedicels of pistillate flowers and fruits cylindric; staminate flowers 2–7(–18) in fascicles or panicles, <corolla tube 0.8–2 mm>; pistillate flowers: calyx lobes 1.5–3(–8) mm, petals 3.5–9(–20) mm, corolla tube 1–1.6(–3) mm, lobes puberulent or glabrous inside. Pepos tan, yellowish, lemon yellow, light yellowish green, dark green, light orange, monocolor or orange or brown striped, ellipsoid to subglobose [globose, cylindric, ovoid, or obovoid], 2–12(–100) × 2.5–20+ cm, surface netted, warty, scaly, ridged, or smooth, flesh orange to yellowish, green, or whitish. 2n = 24.

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora): introduced; Asia (India); introduced also nearly worldwide.

Only two formal infraspecific taxa within Cucumis melo were recognized by J. H. Kirkbride (1993; subsp. melo and subsp. agrestis), who suggested that other variants should be treated with horticultural names, and classification of melons into two subspecies has been generally supported by molecular phylogenies (A. Stepansky et al. 1999; D. S. Decker et al. 2002).

Wide extremes of variation and horticultural selections exist within Cucumis melo, especially as to fruit characters (for example, size, shape, surface features, color, texture, taste, composition). Cucumis melo includes feral, wild, and cultivated forms, including dessert melons as well as non-sweet forms that are consumed raw, pickled, or cooked. This has led to a proliferation of names for the variants and various systems of infraspecific classification have been proposed.

A widely used system proposed by C. V. Naudin (1859), dividing Cucumis melo into a single wild variety (var. agrestis) and six cultivated ones (vars. cantalupensis, conomon, dudaim, flexuosus, inodorus, and momordica), has been modified and simplified (for example, H. M. Munger and R. W. Robinson 1991) as well as extended into a detailed hierarchical system (I. Grebenscikov 1953; see comments by K. Hammer et al. 1986). An overview of infraspecific nomenclature in C. melo was provided by M. Pitrat et al. (2000). This was largely repeated, but adapted to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants, by Y. Burger et al. (2010), who proposed five cultivar groups in subsp. agrestis and 11 cultivar groups in subsp. melo; molecular data have not supported their apportionment of the groups among the two subspecies.

Most collections of Cucumis melo from the flora area have not been identified to infraspecific rank and for a more accurate assessment of the distribution of subsp. melo versus subsp. agrestis, all should be reexamined. Presumably, cultivars of each subspecies might be encountered outside of cultivation. As an overview of the diversity of forms and guide to principal names used for melons, a relatively simple taxonomic system is presented here, summarizing the main cultivar groups in each subspecies.

SELECTED REFERENCES Burger, Y. et al. 2010. Genetic diversity of Cucumis melo. Hort. Rev. 36: 165–198. Decker, D. S. et al. 2002. The origin and genetic affinities of wild populations of melon (Cucumis melo, Cucurbitaceae) in North America. Pl. Syst. Evol. 233: 183–197. Grebenscikov, I. 1953. Die Entwicklung der Melonsystematik. Kulturpflanze 1: 121–138. Hammer, K., P. Hanelt, and P. Perrino. 1986. Carosello and the taxonomy of Cucumis melo L. especially of its vegetable races. Kulturpflanze 34: 249–259. Munger, H. M. and R. W. Robinson. 1991. Nomenclature of Cucumis melo L. Rep. Cucurbit Genet. Coop. 14: 43–44. Pitrat, M. et al. 2000. Some comments on infraspecific classification of cultivars of melon. Acta Hort. 510: 29–36. Silberstein, L. et al. 1999. Molecular variation in melon (Cucumis melo L.) as revealed by RFLP and RAPD markers. Sci. Hort. 79: 101–111. Stepansky, A., I. Kovalski, and R. Perl-Treves. 1999. Intraspecific classification of melons (Cucumis melo L.) in view of their phenotypic and molecular variation. Pl. Syst. Evol. 217: 313–332.