《中国植物志》|| 禾本科 GRAMINEAE ||白茅属 Imperata Cyrillo ||白茅 Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv.

1. 白茅（本草经集注）
Imperata cylindrica (Linn.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 165. 1812.——Lagurus cylindricus Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 878. 1759. ——Saccharum cylindricus (Linn.) Lamk. Encycl. Meth. Bot. 1: 594. 1785.——Saccharum laguroides Pourr. Mem. Acad. Toulouse 3, 326: 1788.——mperata arundinacea Cyr. Pl. Rar. Neap. 2: 26. pl. 11. 1792; Hack. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 6: 93. 1889; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 106. 1896.——Calamagrostis lagurus Koel. Descr. Gram. 112. 1802.——Imperata cylindrica subsp. cylindrica Tzvel. Poac. USSR 692. 1976.——Imperata arundinacea var. europaea Anderss. in Oefv. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Forh. 12: 159. 1855; Aschers. et Graebn. syn. Mitteleurop. Fl. 2: 37. 1898.——Imperata arundinacea var. genuina subvar. europaea (Anderss. ) Hack. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 6: 93. 1889. ——Imperata cylindrica var. genuina (Hack.) A. Camus in Rev. Bot. Appl. 5. 42: 110. 1925, et in Lecomte Fl. Gen. de L'Indo-Chin 7: 232. 1922.
多年生，具粗壮的长根状茎。秆直立，高30-80厘米，具1-3节，节无毛。叶鞘聚集于秆基，甚长于其节间，质地较厚，老后破碎呈纤维状；叶舌膜质，长约2毫米，紧贴其背部或鞘口具柔毛，分蘖叶片长约20厘米，宽约8毫米，扁平，质地较薄；秆生叶片长1-3厘米，窄线形，通常内卷，顶端渐尖呈刺状，下部渐窄，或具柄，质硬，被有白粉，基部上面具柔毛。圆锥花序稠密，长20厘米，宽达3厘米，小穗长4.5-5（-6）毫米，基盘具长12-16毫米的丝状柔毛；两颖草质及边缘膜质，近相等，具5-9脉，顶端渐尖或稍钝，常具纤毛，脉间疏生长丝状毛，第一外稃卵状披针形，长为颖片的2/3， 透明膜质，无脉，顶端尖或齿裂，第二外稃与其内稃近相等，长约为颖之半，卵圆形，顶端具齿裂及纤毛；雄蕊2枚，花药长3-4毫米；花柱细长，基部多少连合，柱头2，紫黑色，羽状，长约4毫米，自小穗顶端伸出。颖果椭圆形，长约1毫米，胚长为颖果之半。染色体2n＝20（Mehra K. L. et al.，1962；Singh. D. N.，1964）。花果期4-6月。
产于辽宁、河北、山西、山东、陕西、新疆等北方地区；生于低山带平原河岸草地、沙质草甸、荒漠与海滨。也分布于非洲北部、土耳其、伊拉克、伊朗、中亚、高加索及地中海区域。模式标本采自法国南部。

《云南植物志》|| 禾本科 Poaceae (Gramineae) ||白茅属 Imperata Cyr. ||印度白茅 Imperata cylindrica (Linn.) Raeuschel.

1.印度白茅（热带植物）
Imperata cylindrica (Linn.) Raeuschel. (1797); 中国主要植物图说•禾本科 (1959)*; Bor (1960, 1970); Tsvelev (1976); 海南植物志 (1977)*; Clyton in Tutin et al. (1980); Cope in Nasir et Ali (1982)*; 中国植物志 (1997)*.
Lagurus cylindrius Linn. (1759); Saccharum cylindricum (Linn.) Lam. (1785); S. thunbergii Retz. (1789); Imperata arundinacea Cyr. (1792).
原变种叶片内卷成筒状。产地中海沿岸及中东地区。我国不产。

《云南植物志》|| 禾本科 Poaceae (Gramineae) ||白茅属 Imperata Cyr. ||印度白茅 (原变种) Imperata cylindrica var. cylindrica

1a.印度白茅（原变种）
var. cylindrica
原变种叶片内卷成筒状。产地中海沿岸及中东地区。我国不产。

《Flora of China》|| Poaceae || Imperata ||白茅 Imperata cylindrica

1. Imperata cylindrica (Linnaeus) Raeuschel, Nomencl. Bot., ed. 3. 3: 10. 1797.

白茅 bai mao

Perennial, basal sheaths becoming fibrous; rhizomes widely spreading, tough, scaly. Culms solitary or tufted, 25–120 cm tall, 1.5–3 mm in diam., 1–4-noded, nodes glabrous or bearded. Leaf sheaths glabrous or pilose at margin and mouth; leaf blades flat or rolled, stiffly erect, 20–100 × 0.8–2 cm, culm blades 1–3 cm, adaxial surface puberulous, margins scabrid, base straight or narrowed, apex long acuminate; ligule 1–2 mm. Panicle cylindrical, copiously hairy, 6–20 cm, lowermost branches sometimes loose. Spikelets 2.5–6 mm; callus with 12–16 mm silky hairs; glumes 5–9-veined, back with long silky hairs ca. 3 times glume length, apex slightly obtuse or acuminate; lower lemma ovate-lanceolate, 2/3 length of glumes, ciliate, acute or denticulate; upper lemma ovate, 1/2 length of glumes, denticulate, ciliate, palea equal to lemma. Anthers 2, 2–4 mm. Stigmas purplish black. Fl. and fr. Apr–Aug. 2n = 20.

River and seashore sands, disturbed grassy places, cultivations. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam; Africa, SW Asia, Australia, S Europe].

This species is extremely polymorphic, but nevertheless easily recognizable by its dense, narrowly cylindrical, silky white inflorescence. The blackish stigmas are persistent and very obvious among the white hairs. The species has been classified into three varieties, which show some geographic separation. Two occur in China and a third is found in Africa. However, there is a great deal of intergradation and also variation within the varieties.

This widespread, noxious weed of disturbed ground and cultivation spreads vigorously by its rhizomes, which are almost impossible to eradicate, and may cover large areas of ground. It flourishes in grasslands that are frequently burned, and the young shoots provide good fodder. It is also used for medicine and fiber.