《中国植物志》|| 菊科 COMPOSITAE ||菊亚族 Chrysantheminae O. Hoffm. ||裸柱菊属 Soliva Ruiz et Pavon.

120.裸柱菊属——Soiiva Ruiz et Pavon.
Ruiz et Pavon., Prodr. Fl. Peruv. 113. t. 24. 1794; Benth. et Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2: 430. 1873; O. Hoffm. in Engl. et Prantl. Pflanzenfam. 4 (5): 280. 1892.——Gymnostyles Juss. in Ann. Mus. Par. 4: 258. 1804.
矮小草本。叶互生，通常羽状全裂，裂片极细。头状花序无柄，异型；边缘花数层，雌性，能育，无花冠；盘花两性，通常不育，花冠管状，略粗，基部渐狭，冠檐具极短4齿裂，稀2-3齿裂；花药基部钝；花柱2裂或微凹，截形；总苞半球形；总苞片2层，近等长，边缘膜质；花托平，无托毛。雌花瘦果扁平，边缘有翅，顶端有宿存的花柱，无冠状冠毛。
本属约8种，产美洲及大洋洲。我国有1种归化。

《中国植物志》|| 菊科 COMPOSITAE ||菊亚族 Chrysantheminae O. Hoffm. ||裸柱菊属 Soliva Ruiz et Pavon.

120.裸柱菊属——Soiiva Ruiz et Pavon.
Ruiz et Pavon., Prodr. Fl. Peruv. 113. t. 24. 1794; Benth. et Hook. f., Gen. Pl. 2: 430. 1873; O. Hoffm. in Engl. et Prantl. Pflanzenfam. 4 (5): 280. 1892.——Gymnostyles Juss. in Ann. Mus. Par. 4: 258. 1804.
矮小草本。叶互生，通常羽状全裂，裂片极细。头状花序无柄，异型；边缘花数层，雌性，能育，无花冠；盘花两性，通常不育，花冠管状，略粗，基部渐狭，冠檐具极短4齿裂，稀2-3齿裂；花药基部钝；花柱2裂或微凹，截形；总苞半球形；总苞片2层，近等长，边缘膜质；花托平，无托毛。雌花瘦果扁平，边缘有翅，顶端有宿存的花柱，无冠状冠毛。
本属约8种，产美洲及大洋洲。我国有1种归化。

《Flora of China》|| Asteraceae || ||裸柱菊属 Soliva

146. Soliva Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Peruv. Prodr. 113. 1794.

裸柱菊属 luo zhu ju shu

Authors: Zhu Shi, Christopher J. Humphries & Michael G. Gilbert

Solivaea Cassini, nom. illeg. superfl.

Herbs, annual, small. Leaves alternate, pinnatisect. Capitulum solitary at leaf axils, disciform. Involucres hemispheric; phyllaries in 2 rows, equal, margin scarious. Receptacle convex or conical, epaleate. Marginal florets female, without corolla; disk florets sterile, corolla tubular, 3- or 4-lobed. Anther obtuse at base. Style branches fused. Achenes dorsiventrally flattened, laterally winged; wings sometimes projected, teeth apex with persistent and spinescent style, sometimes transversely wrinkled to sulcate. Pappus absent.

Eight species: mostly in Australia, North and South America; two species (both introduced) in China.

《Flora of North America》|| Asteraceae || || Soliva

127. Soliva Ruiz & Pavón, Fl. Peruv. Prodr. 113, plate 24. 1794.

Burrweed [For Salvador Soliva, an 18th-Century physician to the Spanish court]

Linda E. Watson

Gymnostyles Jussieu

Annuals, (1–)2–10(–30+) cm (taprooted, often stoloniferous and/or mat-forming). Stems 1–5+, ± procumbent to erect, simple or branched, glabrous or strigillose to villous [piloso-hispid] (hairs mostly basifixed). Leaves basal or basal and cauline; alternate; sessile or petiolate (bases ± clasping); blades ± obovate to spatulate, usually (1–)2–3-pinnately or -pinnati-palmately lobed (ultimate lobes oblong or lanceolate to oblanceolate or spatulate), ultimate margins entire or dentate, faces glabrous or strigillose to villous. Heads disciform, borne singly (sessile in leaf axils). Involucres ± hemispheric or broader, 2–8+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 5–8+ in 1–2+ series, distinct, lanceolate to ovate, subequal, margins and apices (usually colorless, sometimes brownish) scarious. Receptacles flat to hemispheric or conic, epaleate. Ray florets 0 (peripheral, pistillate florets 5–100+ in 1–8+ series; corollas 0, styles sheathed by pericarp tissues, soon indurate, becoming spinelike). Disc florets 2–8+, functionally staminate; corollas yellowish or whitish, tubes ± cylindric, throats campanulate to funnelform, lobes (2–)4, ± deltate (without resin sacs). Cypselae: (bodies) ± obovate to oblanceolate or oblong-cuneate, ob-compressed or -flattened, winged (wings entire or sculpted), faces glabrous or ± scabrellous to hirtellous or (distally) villous to pilose or arachnose, glabrescent (pericarps without myxogenic cells or resin sacs); pappi 0 (persistent stylar sheaths indurate, spinelike). x = unknown.

Species 4–8 (3 in the flora): introduced; South America; introduced also in Europe, Asia, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia.

SELECTED REFERENCES

Cabrera, A. L. 1949. Sinopsis del género Soliva (Compositae). Notas Mus. La Plata, Bot. 14: 123–139. Webb, C. J. 1986. Variation in achene morphology and its implications for taxonomy in Soliva subgenus Soliva (Anthemideae, Asteraceae). New Zealand J. Bot. 24: 665–669.