《中国植物志》|| 美人蕉科 CANNACEAE ||美人蕉属 Canna L. ||美人蕉 Canna indica L.

5．美人蕉（枫牕小牍）
Canna indica L. , Sp. Pl. l. 1753, excl. Pl. Afr. & Amer. , Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 10. 1790; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 6: 139. 1906;侯宽昭, 广州植物志671. 1956. ——C. indica L. var. rubra Aiton, Hort. Kew 1: l. 1789; Nakai in Journ. Jap. Bot. 17: 194. 1941.——C. chinensis Willd. In Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 2: 170. 1808. excl. syn. et Hort. Berol. I. 2., Kranz. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 56 (IV. 47): 46. 1912; Hand. -Mazz. , Symb. Sinc. 7: 1323. 1936. ——C. orientalis Rosc., Monandr. Pl. t. 12. 1828; Kranz. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 56 (IV. 47): 47. 1912. ——C. indica L. var. orientalis Rosc. apud Baker in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 6: 260. 1892.
植株全部绿色，高可达1.5米。叶片卵状长圆形，长10-30厘米，宽达10厘米。总状花序疏花；略超出于叶片之上；花红色，单生；苞片卵形，绿色，长约1.2厘米；萼片3，披针形，长约1厘米，绿色而有时染红；花冠管长不及1厘米，花冠裂片披针形，长3-3.5厘米，绿色或红色；外轮退化雄蕊3-2枚，鲜红色，其中2枚倒披针形，长3.5-4 厘米，宽5-7毫米，另一枚如存在则特别小，长1.5厘米，宽仅1毫米；唇瓣披针形，长3厘米，弯曲；发育雄蕊长2.5厘米，花药室长6毫米；花柱扁平，长3厘米，一半和发育雄蕊的花丝连合。蒴果绿色，长卵形，有软刺，长1.2-1.8厘米。花果期：3-12月。
我国南北各地常有栽培。原产印度。
本种花较小，主要赏叶。
根茎清热利湿，舒筋活络；治黄疸肝炎，风湿麻木，外伤出血，跌打，子宫下垂，心气痛等。茎叶纤维可制人造棉、织麻袋、搓绳，其叶提取芳香油后的残渣还可做造纸原料。

《云南植物志》|| 美人蕉科 Cannaceae ||美人蕉属 Canna Linn. ||美人蕉 Canna indica Linn.

4.美人蕉（枫牕小牍）
Canna indica Linn. (1753); Lour. (1790); Gagnep. in Lecte. (1966); 图鉴 (1976)*; 中国植物志 (1981) 云南种子植物名录 (1984); 横断山区维管植物 (1994).
Canna indica Linn. var. rubra Aiton (1789); C. chinensis Willd. (1808); Kranz. in Engl. (1912); Hand.-Mazz. (1936); C. orientalis Rosc. (1828); Horan. (1862)*; Kranz. in Engl. (1912); C. indica Linn. var. orientalis (Rosc.) Baker in Hook. f. (1892).
株高1.5米，绿色。叶片卵状长圆形，长10—30厘米，宽达10厘米。总状花序，花疏，稍超出叶片之上；花红色，单生；苞片卵形，绿色，长约1.2厘米；萼片3，披针形，长约1厘米，绿色，有时红色；花冠管长不及1厘米，花冠裂片披针形，长3—3.5厘米，绿色或红色；外轮退化雄蕊2—3枚，鲜红色，其中2枚倒披针形，3.5—4厘米，宽5—7毫米，另1枚如存在特别小，长1.5厘米，宽仅1毫米，唇瓣披针形，长3厘米，弯曲，发育雄蕊长2.5厘米，药室长6毫米；花柱扁平，长3厘米，一半和发育雄蕊的花丝连合。蒴果长卵形，绿色，有软刺，长1.2—1.8厘米。花果期3—12月。
云南全省各地均有引种栽培，庭园观赏。原产墨西哥，我国各地均有引种栽培。

《Flora of China》|| Cannaceae || Canna ||美人蕉 Canna indica

1. Canna indica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 1. 1753.

美人蕉 mei ren jiao

Canna indica Image Credit: B. Hammel

《Flora of North America》|| Cannaceae || Canna || Canna indica

1. Canna indica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 1. 1753.

Indian-shot, platanillo

Canna coccinea Miller; C. discolor Lindley; C. edulis Ker Gawler; C. lutea Miller; C. warscewiczii Dietrich

Rhizomes fleshy. Leaves: sheath glabrous; blade narrowly ovate to ovate, 20--60 ´ 10--30 cm, base obtuse to narrowly cuneate, apex shortly acuminate to acute, abaxially and adaxially glabrous. Inflorescences racemes, sometimes branched, bearing 1- to 2-flowered cincinni, 6--20 per inflorescence; primary bracts to 15 cm; secondary bracts to 9 cm; floral bracts persistent, broadly obovate to narrowly (ob)ovate(-triangular), 0.5--3 ´ 0.5--1.5 cm, apex entire, often glaucous; bracteoles (ovate-)triangular, 0.5--2 ´ 0.3--0.8 cm, apex entire. Flowers red to yellow-orange, never pure yellow (except in some hybrid cultivars), 4.5--7.5 cm; pedicels 0.2--1 cm, to 1.5 cm in fruit; sepals narrowly triangular, 0.9--1.7 ´ 0.2--0.5 cm; petals erect, 4--6.5 cm, tube 0.5--1.5 cm, lobes lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 3.5--5 ´ 0.4--0.7 cm; staminodes 3--4, narrowly obovate to spatulate, 4.5--7.5 cm, free part 0.3--0.5 cm wide, apex rounded, acute, or cleft; labellum reflexed, narrowly oblong, approximately equal to other staminodes. Capsules ellipsoid to nearly globose, 1.5--3 ´ 1.5--2 cm. Seeds black, globose to nearly globose, 5--8 ´ 4--6.7 mm diam. 2n = 18.

Flowering primarily spring--summer; fruiting summer--early fall. Often, if not always, in secondary growth and waste places; 0--100 m; apparently introduced; Fla., La., S.C., Tex.

Canna indica is probably native to neotropics and is now common throughout tropics and subtropics.