《中国植物志》|| 兰科 ORCHIDACEAE ||萼足兰亚族 Subtrib. Cyrtopodiinae Benth. ||兰属 Cymbidium Sw.

82.兰属Cymbidium Sw.
Sw. in Nov. Acta Soc. Scl. Upsal. 6: 70. 1799; P. F. Hunt in Kew Bull. 24: 93. 1970; Seth et Cribb in Arditti (ed.) , Orch. Biol., Rev. Persp. 3: 283. 1984; Du Puy et Cribb, Genus Cymbidium 54. 1988. ——Jensoa Raf in., Fl. Tellur. 4: 38. 1836. ——Cyperorchis Bl., Rumphia 4: 47. 1848. ——Iridorchis Bl., Orch. Arch. Ind. 1: 92. 1858.
附生或地生草本，罕有腐生，通常具假鳞茎；假鳞茎卵球形、椭圆形或梭形，较少不存在或延长成茎状，通常包藏于叶基部的鞘之内。叶数枚至多枚，通常生于假鳞茎基部或下部节上，二列，带状或罕有倒披针形至狭椭圆形，基部一般有宽阔的鞘并围抱假鳞茎，有关节。花葶侧生或发自假鳞茎基部，直立、外弯或下垂；总状花序具数花或多花，较少减退为单花；花苞片长或短，在花期不落；花较大或中等大；萼片与花瓣离生，多少相似；唇瓣3裂，基部有时与蕊柱合生达3-6毫米；侧裂片直立，常多少围抱蕊柱，中裂片一般外弯；唇盘上有2条纵褶片，通常从基部延伸到中裂片基部，有时末端膨大或中部断开，较少合而为一；蕊柱较长，常多少向前弯曲，两侧有翅，腹面凹陷或有时具短毛，花粉团2个，有深裂隙，或4个而形成不等大的2对，蜡质，以很短的、弹性的花粉团柄连接于近三角形的粘盘上。
本属后选模式种：Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. (Epidendrum aloifolium L.)
全属约48种，分布于亚洲热带与亚热带地区，向南到达新几内亚岛和澳大利亚。 我国有29种，广泛分布于秦岭山脉以南地区。
本属的地生种类，如春兰、蕙兰、寒兰、建兰、墨兰等，在我国有一千余年的栽培历史。世界上最早的两部兰花专著，即《金漳兰谱》（1233)和《兰谱》（1247)，就是专门论述兰属地生种类及其栽培经验的。近年来，大花附生种类，如虎头兰、黄蝉兰、独占春等也受到很大的重视。主要以大花种类为亲本，杂交培育出来的大花蕙兰品种系列，有很高的观赏价值，是当今花卉市场上最受欢迎的品种之一。

《云南植物志》|| 兰科 Orchidaceae ||萼足兰亚族 Subtrib. Cyrtopodiinae Benth. ||兰属 Cymbidium Sw.

60.兰属 Cymbidium Sw.
附生或地生草本，罕有腐生，通常具假鳞茎；假鳞茎卵球形、椭圆形或梭形，较少不存在或延长成茎状，通常包藏于叶基部的鞘之内。叶数枚至多枚，通常生于假鳞茎基部或下部节上，二列，带状或罕有倒披针形至狭椭圆形，基部一般有宽阔的鞘并围抱假鳞茎，有关节。花葶侧生或发自假鳞茎基部，直立、外弯或下垂；总状花序具数花或多花，较少减退为单花；花苞片长或短，在花期不落；花较大或中等大；萼片与花瓣离生，多少相似；唇瓣3裂，基部有时与蕊柱合生达3—6毫米；侧裂片直立，常多少围抱蕊柱，中裂片一般外弯；唇盘上有2条纵褶片，通常从基部延伸到中裂片基部，有时末端膨大或中部断开，较少合而为一；蕊柱较长，常多少向前弯曲，两侧有翅，腹面凹陷或有时具短毛，花粉团2个，有深裂隙，或4个而形成不等大的2对，蜡质，以很短的、弹性的花粉团柄连接于近三角形的黏盘上。
全属约48种，分布于亚洲热带及亚热带地区，南达新几内亚岛、澳大利亚。我国有30种，广布于秦岭以南地区。云南产28种。

《Flora of China》|| Orchidaceae || ||兰属 Cymbidium

91. Cymbidium Swartz, Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 2. 6: 70. 1799.

兰属 lan shu

Authors: Zhongjian Liu, Xinqi Chen & Phillip J. Cribb

Cyperorchis Blume; Iridorchis Blume (1859), not Iridorkis Thouars (1809); Jensoa Rafinesque; Liuguishania Z. J. Liu & J. N. Zhang; Semiphajus Gagnepain, p.p.; Wutongshania Z. J. Liu & J. N. Zhang.

Herbs, epiphytic, lithophytic, or terrestrial, autotrophic or rarely mycotrophic, usually with pseudobulbs. Pseudobulbs ovoid, ellipsoid, or spindle-shaped, rarely absent or stemlike, often enclosed in leaf bases. Leaves several to many, distichous, usually lorate or linear, rarely oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, often articulate toward base. Inflorescence arising from base of pseudobulb or rarely from axils of leaves, erect to pendulous; rachis several to many flowered, rarely reduced to a solitary flower; floral bracts persistent. Flowers large or medium-sized. Sepals and petals free, subsimilar; lip free or basally fused for 3-6 mm to base of column, usually 3-lobed; lateral lobes erect, often clasping column; mid-lobe often recurved; disk usually with 2 longitudinal lamellae extending from base of lip to base of mid-lobe; lamellae sometimes inflated toward apex or broken in middle. Column rather long, often slightly arcuate, often narrowly winged; pollinia 2 and deeply cleft, or 4 and in 2 unequal pairs, waxy, commonly attached by a very short or indistinct caudicle to a usually broad viscidium.

About 55 species: tropical and subtropical Asia, south to Papua New Guinea and Australia; 49 species (19 endemic) in China.

In China, many species of Cymbidium have been cultivated as ornamentals for many centuries, and a number of cultivated species that have been selected from wild populations now exhibit extreme variation; this is particularly true of C. ensifolium, C. goeringii, C. sinense, and C. tortisepalum. Some of this variability may be the result of hybridization and introgression in the wild. The large number of recently described naturally occurring hybrids in Cymbidium can be explained by the rapid increase of disturbed habitats in China, which has allowed previously ecologically isolated but sympatric species to colonize disturbed areas, such as those left after logging or land-use change.

Cymbidium gongshanense H. Li & G. H. Feng (Acta Bot. Yunnan. 11: 39. 1989) may be a cultivated hybrid.