《中国植物志》|| 莎草科 CYPERACEAE ||碎米莎草组 Sect. Iriae Kunth ||碎米莎草 Cyperus iria L.

17.碎米莎草 图版XLVII, 1-6
Cyperus iria Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1 (1753) 45 et ed. 2 (1763) 67; Benth. Fl.Hongk. (1861) 386; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. XXI (1884) 137, XXXVI (1903) 214 et in Bull. Acad. Int. Geogr. Bot. XVI (1906) 59; Franch. Pl. David. I (1884) 317; Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XXVII (1901) 227; Kom. Fl. Mansh. I (1901) 334; Matsum. et Hayata, Enum. Pl. Formos. (1906) 473; Courtois in Belval,Fl. Ngan-hoei (1906-22) 145 et in Mem. Hist. Nat. Chinois, Musee Heude VI (1920) 114. Britton in Bailey, Gentes Herbarum I (1920) 13; Dunn et Tutch.Fl. Kwangt. & Hongk. (1912) 295; Groff in Lingn. Agr. Rev. I (1923) 55; Merr. in Lingn. Sci. Journ. V (1927) 38; Liu in Bull. Pek. Scc. Nat. Hist. II (1927-28) 71; T.Tang in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. III (1932) 135 et 149; Kukenth. in Sinensia III (1932) 80 et in Engl. Pflanzenr. Heft 101, IV, 20 (1935) 150; Hand. –Mzt Symb. Sin. VII (1936) 1247; Kitagawa, Lineam. Fl. Mansh. (1939) 114; Ohwi, Cyper. Jap. II (1944) 139;侯宽昭等, 广州植物志 (1956) 741.
一年生草本，无根状茎，具须根。稈丛生，细弱或稍粗壮，高8-85厘米，扁三稜形，基部具少数叶，叶短于稈，宽2-5毫米，平张或折合，叶鞘红棕色或棕紫色。叶状苞片3-5枚，下面的2-3枚常较花序长；长侧枝聚繖花序复出，很少为简单的，具4-9个辐射枝，辐射枝最长达12厘米，每个辐射枝具5-10个穗状花序，或有时更多些；穗状花序卵形或长圆状卵形，长1-4厘米，具5-22个小穗；小穗排列松散，斜展开，长圆形、披针形或线状披针形，压扁，长4-10毫米，宽约2毫米，具6-22花；小穗轴上近于无翅；鳞片排列疏松，膜质，宽倒卵形，顶端微缺，具极短的短尖，不突出于鳞片的顶端，背面具龙骨状突起，缘色，有3-5条脉，两侧呈黄色或麦稈黄色，上端具白色透明的边；雄蕊3，花丝着生在环形的胼胝体上，花药短，椭圆形，药隔不突出于花药顶端；花柱短，柱头3。小坚果倒卵形或椭圆形，三稜形，与鳞片等长，褐色，具密的微突起细点。花果期6-10月。
产于东北各省、河北、河南、山东、陕西、甘肃、新疆、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、湖南、湖北、云南、四川、贵州、福建、广东、广西、台湾；分布极广，为一种常见的杂草，生长于田间、山坡、路旁阴湿处。分布于苏联远东区，朝鲜、日本、越南、印度、伊朗、澳洲、非洲北部以及美洲。

《云南植物志》|| 莎草科 Cyperaceae ||莎草属 Cyperus Linn. ||碎米莎草 Cyperus iria Linn.

11.碎米莎草（广州植物志）图版141: 1—6
Cyperus iria Linn. (1753) et (1763); Benth. (1861); Merr. (1927); Kükenth. in Engl. (1935); 中国植物志 (1961)*; 图鉴 (1976)*; 海南植物志 (1977); 云南种子植物名录 (1984); 横断山区维管植物 (1994).
一年生草本，无根状茎，仅具须根。秆丛生，高8—85厘米，细弱或稍粗壮，扁三棱形，基部具少数叶。叶短于秆，宽2—5毫米，平张或有时折合；叶鞘红棕色或棕紫色。苞片叶状，3—5枚，下面的2—3枚常较花序长；长侧枝聚伞花序复出，很少为简单的，具4—9个辐射枝，辐射枝最长达12厘米，每个辐射枝顶端具5—10个穗状花序，或有时更多些；穗状花序轮廓为卵形或长圆状卵形，长1—4厘米，具5—22个小穗；小穗排列疏松，斜展，长圆形、披针形或线状披针形，扁的，长4—10毫米，粗约2毫米，具6—22朵花；小穗轴上近于无翅；鳞片排列疏松，宽倒卵形，先端微凹，具很短的短尖，不突出于鳞片的先端，膜质，两侧鲜黄色或麦秆黄色，中间具龙骨状突起，绿色，上端具白色透明的边，具3—5条脉；雄蕊3枚，花药短，椭圆形，药隔不突出于花药顶端；花柱极短，柱头3个，也较短。小坚果倒卵形或椭圆形，三棱形，与鳞片近等长，褐色，具密的微突起细点。花果期6—10月。
产于金平、蒙自、勐海、临沧、凤庆、大理、鹤庆、福贡、昆明、东川等地；生于海拔1450—2500米田间、山坡、路旁等阴湿处。分布于全国。分布于越南、印度、伊朗、俄罗斯远东地区和东西伯利亚、朝鲜、日本、大洋洲北部、非洲北部和美洲。

《Flora of North America》|| Cyperaceae || Cyperus || Cyperus

38. Cyperus iria Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 45. 1753.

Herbs, annual, cespitose. Culms trigonous, (5–)20–60 cm × (0.2–) 0.6–2.4 mm, glabrous. Leaves (1–)3–4, V-shaped, 15–40 cm × 3–6 mm. Inflorescences: spikes 2–5(–8), oblong to ovoid, 2–10 cm × 3–12 mm; rays 4–8, to 11 cm; bracts (4–)5(–7), ascending at 45°, V-shaped, (1.5–)8–30(–50) cm × 1–6 mm; rachilla persistent, wingless (successive floral scales 0.7–0.9 mm apart). Spikelets 10–30, compressed, linear to ellipsoid, 4–20 × 1.5–2.1 mm; floral scales deciduous, (2–)6–26, laterally brown to golden brown, edges clear, medially green, 5-ribbed, outermost ribs more noticeable than others, obovate to nearly orbiculate, 1.3–1.8 × 1.2–1.8 mm, margins emarginate, apex with mucro 0.05–0.12 mm. Flowers: stamens 2(–3); anthers (0.2–)0.3–0.4 mm, connective tips reddish, less than 0.1 mm; styles less than 0.1 mm; stigmas 0.2–0.4 mm. Achenes brown, slightly stipitate, obovoid, 1.2–1.4 × 0.5–0.7 mm, apex apiculate, surfaces puncticulate.

Fruiting summer–fall (Jul–Oct). Damp to moderately dry, disturbed soils; 0–500 m; introduced; Ala., Ark., Calif., Conn., Fla., Ga., Ill., La., Md., Miss., Mo., N.Y., N.C., Okla., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va.; Mexico; Central America; South America; Asia; Africa; Australia.

Cyperus iria was first recorded in the New World from the southeastern United States in the 1840s.

《Flora of China》|| Cyperaceae || Cyperus ||碎米莎草 Cyperus iria

46. Cyperus iria Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 45. 1753.

碎米莎草 sui mi suo cao

Annuals. Roots fibrous. Culms tufted, 8-80 cm tall, slender to slightly stout, compressed triquetrous, base few leaved. Leaves much shorter than culm; sheath reddish brown to brownish purple; leaf blade 2-5 mm wide, slightly folded or flat. Involucral bracts 3-5, leaflike, lowermost 2 or 3 longer than inflorescence. Inflorescence a compound or rarely simple anthela; rays 4-9, mostly to 12 cm, each with 5-10 or more spikes. Spikes ovoid to oblong-ovoid, 1-4 cm, with 5-20 or more spikelets. Spikelets laxly arranged, ascending to slightly spreading, narrowly ovoid, very narrowly ovoid, or oblong, 4-10 × ca. 2 mm, compressed, 6-22-flowered; rachilla almost wingless, with successive glumes 0.7-0.9 mm apart. Glumes yellow to straw-colored, lax, broadly obovate, ca. 1.5 mm, membranous, 3-5-veined, keel middle abaxially green, margin apically white hyaline, apex retuse and mucronulate. Stamens 2(or 3); anthers ellipsoid; connective not prominent beyond anthers. Style very short; stigmas ± short. Nutlet dark brown, obovoid to subellipsoid, 1.2-1.4 mm, nearly as long as subtending glume, 3-sided, densely prominently puncticulate. Fl. and fr. Jun-Oct. 2n = 108, 112, 116, 128.

Forest margins, under shrubs or forests, grasslands by water, mountain slopes, along trails in valleys, river margins, wet places, paddy fields; below 100-2000 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, S Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, S Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, SE Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kashmir, Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam; tropical Africa, SW Asia, Australia, Indian Ocean islands, Madagascar, Pacific islands].

Cyperus iria is naturalized in Central, North, and South America.