《中国植物志》|| 菊科 COMPOSITAE ||大头蒲公英组 Sect. 10. Calanthodia (Dahlst.) R. Doll ||大头蒲公英 Taraxacum calanthodium Dahlst.

28.大头蒲公英（西藏植物志）图版8：1-4
Taraxacum calanthodium Dahlst. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 2: 150. f. 3, t. 1, f. 8-11. 1926; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 22: 651. 1969;西藏植物志4: 931. 图396. 1985. p. p. ——T. canitiosum Dahlst. l. c. 2: 154. 1926; S. Y. Hu, l. c. 22: 651. 1969.
多年生草本。根颈部有褐色残存叶基。叶宽披针形或倒卵状披针形，长7-20厘米，宽1.2-3厘米，羽状深裂，侧裂片短三角形或宽三角形，平展或倒向，全缘，侧裂片间具小齿，顶端裂片较大，戟状三角形或戟形，背面被疏蛛丝状长柔毛。花葶数个，高达25厘米，与叶等长或稍长，顶端多少密被蛛丝状柔毛；头状花序大，直径50-60毫米；总苞大，长15-20毫米；总苞片干后黑色或墨绿色，有明显的白色或淡褐色膜质边缘；外层总苞片宽卵状披、针形或卵形，宽（3-）5-8毫米，先端增厚或具明显的短小角；内层总苞片宽线形，先端增厚或微具小角；舌状花黄色，舌片长约12毫米，宽2-3毫米，边缘花舌片背面具红紫色条纹，花柱和柱头暗绿色，干时黑色。瘦果倒披针形，黄褐色，长约4毫米，上部1/3-1/2有小刺，顶端逐渐收缩为圆锥形长约1毫米的喙基，喙长10-11毫米；冠毛长4-7毫米，淡污黄白色。
产陕西西南部、甘肃南部（岷县、榆中、临潭、夏河）、青海、四川西北部及西藏东部。生于海拔2500-4300米的高山草地。模式标本采自四川松潘。
H. Dahlstedt发表的Calanthodia类群中，其共同特征是：头状花序大，总苞片干后黑色或墨绿色，有明显白色或淡褐色膜质边缘，外层总苞片宽卵状披针形，远比内层总苞片为宽。而《西藏植物志》将T. canithiosum Dahlst.，川甘蒲公英（T. lugubreDahlst.，）T. connectens Dahlst.及多毛蒲公英（T. lanigerum V. Soest）归在大头蒲公英中。鉴于大头蒲公英和T. canithiosum Dahlst.除了上面提到的共同特征外，瘦果为倒披针形，外层总苞片先端有小角，因而归并在一起是合理的，而川甘蒲公英和T. connectens Dahlst.瘦果为倒卵状楔形，上端喙基小，且外层总苞片先端无小角等不同于大头蒲公英，因而不应归在大头蒲公英中，应恢复川甘蒲公英，并将后者归在川甘蒲公英中。而多毛蒲公英不同前二种，因而也恢复原种。

《Flora of China》|| Asteraceae || Taraxacum ||丽花蒲公英 Taraxacum calanthodium

21. Taraxacum calanthodium Dahlstedt, Acta Horti Gothob. 2: 150. 1926.

丽花蒲公英 li hua pu gong ying

Taraxacum canitiosum Dahlstedt; T. connectens Dahlstedt.

Herbs 20-35 cm tall, robust. Petiole purplish, narrow; leaf blade pale green, oblanceolate to broadly oblanceolate, 9-15 × 3-4.5 cm, sparsely to densely arachnoid, margin shallowly lobed and remotely dentate to deeply lobed; lateral lobes 3-6, triangular to linear-triangular, patent, often with recurved distal part or recurved; interlobes short, lobulate; terminal lobe broad, apex subobtuse to acute and sometimes with a distinct terminal lobule. Scapes brownish green, overtopping leaves, apically yellowish arachnoid. Capitulum 5-6 cm wide. Involucre 1.5-2 cm wide, base broadly rounded. Outer phyllaries (12-)15-24, pale green at base, suffused reddish, and getting darker then blackish toward apex, ± imbricate or not so, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, outermost ones 9-13 × 4-8 mm and ca. 4/5 as long as inner ones, appressed, border white and 0.4-1.5 mm, margin sparsely ciliate, apex blunt and corniculate; inner phyllaries 1.6-1.8 cm but to 2.3 cm in fruit. Ligules yellow; outer ligules outside faintly striped purplish; inner ligules with pinkish apical teeth; floret tube sparsely puberulent. Stigmas blackish green to green. Anthers polliniferous; pollen grains slightly irregular in size, almost regular. Achene dark grayish brown, 4.5-5.1 × 1.1-1.7 mm; body ridged, densely spinulose above, spinulose on ridges throughout, ± abruptly narrowing into a 0.8-1 mm subconic or subcylindric cone; beak 8-11 mm. Pappus yellowish, 8-11 mm. Fl. summer. Sexual.

● Alpine and subalpine grassland slopes and meadows; 3000-4000 m. S Gansu, Qinghai, NW Sichuan, ?Xizang.

Taraxacum calanthodium may occur in E Xizang, but material was not seen by the present authors. Reports from Shaanxi (FRPS 80(2): 38. 1999; Higher Pl. China 11: 776. 2005) are incorrect.

The three names, Taraxacum calanthodium, T. canitiosum, and T. connectens, all described by Dahlstedt from Sichuan, belong to a taxon characterized by great variation. Only in cultivation was sexuality proven for all the morphotypes (in spite of inconspicuous size variation of pollen grains). Taraxacum grypodon may also belong to this taxon but it is kept separate as it has patent outer phyllaries. Ploidy level of the whole complex remains unknown (both diploids and sexual tetraploids are possible).