《中国植物志》|| 紫草科 BORAGINACEAE ||鹤虱亚组 Subsect. Lappula ||鹤虱 Lappula myosotis V. Wolf

17．鹤虱 图版36: 5-8
Lappula myosotis V. Wolf, Gen. Pl. 17. 1776; Schwarz in Repert. Sp. Nov. 97: 288. 1939; Kitag. Neo-Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 532. 1976-77. ——Myosotis lappula L. Sp. Pl. 131. 1753.——L. echinata Gilib. Fl. Lithuan. 1: 25. 1781, nomen illegit.; 中国高等植物图鉴3: 569. 图5091. 1974. ——L. myosotis Moench, Meth. 417. 1794; Riedl in Reching Fl. Iranica 48: 71. 1967; Kazmi in Journ. Arn. Arb. 51: 510. 1970. ——L. echinata Gilib. var. eu-echinata Brand in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV. 252 (Heft 97): 138. 1931. ——Echinospermum lappula (L. ) Lehm. Pl. Asperif. 1: 121. 1881.
一年生或二年生草本。茎直立，高30-60厘米，中部以上多分枝，密被白色短糙毛。基生叶长圆状匙形，全缘，先端钝，基部渐狭成长柄，长达7厘米（包括叶柄），宽3-9毫米，两面密被有白色基盘的长糙毛；茎生叶较短而狭，披针形或线形，扁平或沿中肋纵折，先端尖，基部渐狭，无叶柄。花序在花期短，果期伸长，长10-17厘米；苞片线形，较果实稍长；花梗果期伸长，长约3毫米，直立而被毛；花萼5深裂，几达基部，裂片线形，急尖，有毛，花期长2-3毫米，果期增大呈狭披针形，长约5毫米，星状开展或反折；花冠淡蓝色，漏斗状至钟状，长约4毫米，檐部直径3-4毫米，裂片长圆状卵形，喉部附属物梯形。小坚果卵状，长3-4毫米，背面狭卵形或长圆状披针形，通常有颗粒状疣突，稀平滑或沿中线龙骨状突起上有小棘突，边缘有2行近等长的锚状刺，内行刺长1.5-2毫米，基部不连合，外行刺较内行刺稍短或近等长，通常直立，小坚果腹面通常具棘状突起或有小疣状突起；花柱伸出小坚果但不超过小坚果上方之刺。花果期6-9月。
产华北、西北、内蒙古西部等省区。生草地、山坡草地等处。欧洲中部和东部、北美洲、阿富汗、巴基斯坦、苏联也有分布。在东北、宁夏及新疆以本种植物的果实入药，有消炎杀虫之功效。

《Flora of China》|| Boraginaceae || Lappula ||鹤虱 Lappula myosotis

17. Lappula myosotis Moench, Methodus. 417. 1794.

鹤虱 he shi

Myosotis lappula Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 131. 1753; Echinospermum lappula (Linnaeus) Lehmann; Lappula echinata Gilibert.

Herbs annual or biennial. Stems erect, much branched, 30-60 cm tall, densely short white hispid. Basal leaves oblong-spatulate, densely white hirsute, hairs discoid at base, base attenuate to long petiole, to ca. 7 cm × 3-9 mm (including petiole), margin entire, apex obtuse; stem leaves sessile, lanceolate to linear, shorter, narrower, flat or longitudinally flexed along midvein, base attenuate, apex acute. Inflorescences to 17 cm in fruit; bracts linear, slightly longer than fruit. Pedicel erect, ca. 3 mm in fruit, pubescent. Calyx lobes spreading or reflexed, linear, 2-3 mm at anthesis, to 5 mm in fruit, becoming lanceolate, pubescent, apex acute. Corolla light blue, funnelform to campanulate, ca. 4 mm; throat appendages trapeziform; limb 3-4 mm wide; lobes oblong-ovate. Style surpassing nutlets but not apical prickles. Nutlets ovoid, 3-4 mm, adaxially with spiny emergences or tuberculate; disc narrowly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, usually granulose, rarely smooth or keeled, with fine spiny emergences along center line; marginal glochids in 2 rows; inner glochids 1.5-2 mm, separated at base; outer row of glochids slightly shorter, usually erect. Fl. and fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 48.

Hillside meadows. Gansu, Hebei, W Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Xinjiang [NW Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; S Africa, SW Asia, C and E Europe, North America]

The fruit are used as an antiphlogistic and insecticide in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, and Xinjiang.