《中国植物志》|| 唇形科 LABIATAE ||拟罗勒组 Sect. Hierocimum Benth. ||圣罗勒 Ocimum sanctum L.

4.圣罗勒 图版121
Ocimum sanctum Linn. Mant. 1: 85. 1767; Wall. Cat. n. 2716. 1829; Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3: 14. 1832; Benth. Labiat. Gen. et Sp. 11. 1832; et in DC. Prodr. 12: 38. 1848; Franch. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 29: 10. 1882; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 609. 1885; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 266. 1890; Dunn in Notes Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 6: 133. 1915; Henry in Trans. Asiat. Soc. Japan 24. Suppl. : 72. 1896; Prain in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 74: 699. 1905; Matsum. et Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 22: 305. 1906; Matsum. et Kudo in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26: 303. 1912; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 162. 1927; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sci. Agr. Taihoku Univ. 2: 114. 1929; 孙雄才, 科学社生物所论文集7: 237. 1932; Doan in Lecte. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 4: 921, f. 96, 6-7. 1936; Hand.-Mazz. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 56B(3): 459. 1937; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14(1): 19. 1940; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2: 639. 1965; H. Keng in Gard. Bull. Singapore 24: 129, f. 24. 1969.
半灌木，高达1米。茎直立，基部木质，近圆柱形，具条纹，有平展的疏柔毛，多分枝。叶长圆形，长2.5-5.5厘米，宽1-3厘米，先端钝，基部楔形至近圆形，边缘具浅波状锯齿，两面被微柔毛及腺点，沿脉上被疏柔毛，侧脉4-6对，与中脉在上面凹陷下面明显，叶柄纤细，长1-2.5厘米，近扁平，被平展疏柔毛。总状花序纤细，长6-8厘米，着生于茎及枝顶，通常于茎顶呈三叉状，在枝顶单一，具长1-1.5厘米的总梗，由多数远离通常具6花的轮伞花序所组成；苞片心形，长宽约1.5毫米，先端骤然短锐尖，基部浅心形，无柄，外面被微柔毛，内面无毛；花梗长约2.5毫米，被微柔毛。花萼钟形，长2.5毫米，外面被柔毛及腺点，内面无毛，萼筒长1.5毫米，萼齿5，呈二唇形，上唇3齿，中齿最大，扁宽卵圆形，先端骤锐尖，边缘稍下延，侧齿宽三角形，比下唇2齿短，先端微刺尖，下唇2齿，齿披针形，先端刺尖，果时花萼增大，长达6毫米，宽4毫米，明显下倾，10脉，横脉显著。花冠白至粉红色，长约3毫米，微超出花萼，外面在唇片略被微柔毛，内面无毛，冠筒长2毫米，喉部增大，冠檐二唇形，上唇宽大，长不及1毫米，宽2.5毫米，4裂，裂片卵圆形，近等大，下唇长圆形，长约1毫米，宽0.6毫米，全缘，扁平。雄蕊4，略伸出花冠外，分离，插生于冠筒近中部，花丝丝状，后对花丝基部具近于消失的微柔毛，花药卵圆形，汇合成一室。花柱超出雄蕊，先端相等2浅裂。花盘平顶，具4齿，齿均短于子房。小坚果卵珠形，长1毫米，宽0.7毫米，褐色，有具腺穴陷，基部有1小白色果脐。花期2-6月，果期3-8月。
产广东海南，台湾，四川；生于干燥沙质草地上。为一泛热带杂草，自北非经西亚，印度，中南半岛，马来西亚，印度尼西亚，菲律宾至澳大利亚也有。模式标本采自印度。
据国外报道全草研粉治头痛，煎服治哮喘，叶可作调味品及代茶用作饮料。

《Flora of China》|| Lamiaceae || Ocimum ||圣罗勒 Ocimum sanctum

4. Ocimum sanctum Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 85. 1767.

圣罗勒 sheng luo le

Subshrubs to 1 m tall, much branched. Stems erect, base woody, spreading pilose. Petiole 1-2.5 cm; leaf blade oblong, 2.5-5.5 × 1-3 cm, puberulent, glandular, pilose on veins, base cuneate to rounded, margin shallowly undulate-serrate, apex obtuse. Verticillasters 6-flowered, in pedunculate, terminal thyrses or panicles 6-8 cm; bracts sessile, cordate, ca. 1.5 × 1.5 mm, apex acute; peduncle 1-1.5 cm. Pedicel ca. 2.5 mm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 2.5 mm, villous, tube ca. 1.5 mm; middle tooth of upper lip broadly oblate, abruptly acute; lateral teeth broadly triangular, shorter than lower lip teeth, spinescent; lower lip teeth lanceolate, apex spinescent; fruiting calyx to 6 × 4 mm, conspicuously veined. Corolla white to reddish, ca. 3 mm, slightly exserted, sparsely puberulent; tube ca. 2 mm, dilated at throat; upper lip less than 1 × 2.5 mm, lobes ovate; lower lip oblong, ca. 1 × 0.6 mm, flat. Stamens slightly exserted, free; posterior filaments puberulent at base. Nutlets brown, ovoid, ca. 1 × 0.7 mm, glandular-foveolate. Fl. Feb-Jun, fr. Mar-Aug.

Dry sandy areas. Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, SW Asia, Australia]

Leaves used as a condiment in salads and other foods, and as a substitute for tea.