《中国植物志》|| 川续断科 DIPSACACEAE ||翼首花属 Pterocephalus Vaill. ex Adans. ||匙叶翼首花 Pterocephalus hookeri (C. B. Clarke) Diels

1. 匙叶翼首花 翼首草（西藏）图版24: 1-3
Pterocephalus hookeri (C. B. Clarke) Hock. in Engl. u. Pr., Nat. Pflanzenf. 4 (4): 189. 1897; Hand. -Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1058. 1936; Hara, Fl. E. Himal. 128. 1971; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 343, 图6100. 1975. ——Scabiosa hookeri C. B. Clarke. in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 218. 1881; Hook. in Curtis's Bot. Mag. 144. t. 8774. 1918; Marquand in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 48, 189. 1929.——P. batangensis Pax ex Hoffm. in Fedde, Rep. Beih. 12: 497: 1922.
多年生无茎草本，高30-50厘米，全株被白色柔毛；根粗壮，单1，木质化，近圆柱形，直伸，多条扭曲，表面棕褐色或黑褐色，里面白色，长8-15厘米，直径1.5-2.5厘米。叶全部基生，成莲座丛状，叶片轮廓倒披针形，长5-18厘米，宽1-2.5厘米，先端钝或急尖，基部渐狭成翅状柄，全缘或一回羽状深裂，裂片3-5对，斜卵形或披针形，长1-2厘米，顶裂片大，披针形；背面中脉明显，白色，侧脉不显，上表面绿色，疏被白色糙伏毛，背面苍绿色，密被糙硬毛，在中脉两侧更密，边缘具长缘毛。花葶由叶丛抽出，高10-40厘米，无叶，径2-4毫米，疏或密被白色贴伏或伸展长柔毛，具沟；头状花序单生茎顶，直立或微下垂，径3-4厘米，球形；总苞苞片2-3层，长卵形至卵状披针形，先端急尖，长1.2-1.8厘米，宽5-7毫米，脉不明显，被毛，边缘密被长柔毛；苞片线状倒披针形，长10-12毫米，基部有细爪，中脉显著，边缘被柔毛；小总苞长4-5毫米，径1.5毫米，筒状，基部渐狭，端略开张，具波状齿牙，外面被白色糙硬毛；花萼全裂，成20条柔软羽毛状毛；花冠筒状漏斗形，黄白色至淡紫色，长10-12毫米，外面被长柔毛，先端5浅裂，裂片钝，近等长，长约3.5毫米；雄蕊4，稍伸出花冠管外，花药黑紫色，长约3毫米；子房下位，包于小总苞内，花柱长约15毫米，伸出花冠管外，柱头扁球形，淡褐色。瘦果长3-5毫米，倒卵形，淡棕色，具8条纵棱，疏生贴伏毛，具棕褐色宿存萼刺20条，刺长约10毫米，被白色羽毛状毛。花果期7-10月。
产云南、四川、西藏东部和青海南部。生于海拔1800-4800米的山野草地、高山草甸及耕地附近。不丹、锡金、印度也有。
根可入药，性寒，味苦，有小毒；能清热解毒、祛风湿、止痛。主治感冒发烧及各种传染，病所引起的热症、血热等。

《云南植物志》|| 川续断科 Dipsacaceae ||翼首花属 Pterocephalus Adans ||匙叶翼首花 Pterocephalus hookeri (C. B. Clarke) Hock

1.匙叶翼首花（图鉴）
Pterocephalus hookeri (C. B. Clarke) Hock in Engl. et Prantl (1897); Hand.-Mazz. (1936); Airy-shaw et Green (1934); 图鉴 (1975)*; Hara (1979); 西藏植物志 (1985)*; 中国植物志 (1986)*; 横断山区维管植物 (1994).
Scabiosa hookeri C. B. Clarke (1881); Hook. in Curtis's (1918)*; Pterocephalus batangensis Pax ex Hoffm. in Fedde (1922).
多年生无茎草本，全株被白色柔毛。叶基生、密集成莲座状，叶片匙形至长圆状倒披针形，长4—20厘米，宽1—4厘米，通常全缘，或有时成倒向羽状浅裂至深裂。花葶高5—25厘米，密生倒向柔毛。头状花序直径2—3厘米；总苞片1—2层，长卵形或卵状披针形，被毛；苞片似总苞片，线状倒披针形，基部具细爪，边缘被柔毛；副萼筒状，长约5毫米，被毛并具13条脉纹，顶端具4小齿；花萼全裂，裂片约20枚，羽毛状，柔软、灰白色；花冠漏斗状，白色至粉红色，稀淡黄色，长10—12毫米，顶端5裂，裂片钝，近等长，花冠筒外被柔毛，里面也有柔毛；雄蕊4，略伸出花冠之外，花药黑紫色；子房下位，为副萼所包围，花柱长约15毫米，柱头扁球形，淡褐色。瘦果倒卵形，长3—5毫米，淡棕色，具8条肋棱，疏生贴生伏毛，顶端宿存约20条羽毛。花果期6—9月。
产丽江、中甸、德钦；生于海拔2900—4500米的高山草地。青海、四川西部、西藏也有。不丹、锡金、印度有分布。
根入药，具有清热解毒、祛风湿、止痛等功效。

《Flora of China》|| Dipsacaceae || Pterocephalus ||匙叶翼首花 Pterocephalus hookeri

1. Pterocephalus hookeri (C. B. Clarke) E. Pritzel, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 601. 1901.

匙叶翼首花 chi ye yi shou hua

Scabiosa hookeri C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: 218. 1881; Pterocephalodes hookeri (C. B. Clarke) V. Mayer & Ehrendorfer; Pterocephalus batangensis Pax ex K. Hoffmann.

Herbs, perennial, 10-50 cm tall, white villous throughout. Taproots robust, columnar, 8-15 × 1.5-3.5 cm, lignified. Leaves all basal, rosulate, oblanceolate, 5-18 × 1-2.5 cm, base attenuate into winged petiole, margin entire, remotely and coarsely serrate, or pinnatifid, apex obtuse or acute; segments in 3-5 pairs, obliquely ovate or lanceolate, 1-2 cm; terminal lobe larger, lanceolate, abaxially white, midvein conspicuous, adaxially green, white puberulent. Scapes 10-40 cm, 2-4 mm in diam., white villous, more densely so near inflorescences. Capitula solitary, terminal, erect or slightly pendulous, globose, 3-4 cm in diam.; involucral bracts 2- or 3-layered, narrowly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 12-18 × 5-7 mm, pilose, margin ciliate, apex acute; bracts linear-oblanceolate, 1-1.2 cm, base clawed, densely white villous, midvein conspicuous; involucels tubular, 4-5 × ca. 1.5 mm, outside white hirsute, attenuate toward base, sinuate-dentate, apex slightly spreading. Calyx segmented to base into 20 soft pinnate hairs. Corolla yellowish white to pale purple, tubular-funnelform, 1-1.2 cm, outside rather densely villous, shallowly 5-lobed; lobes obtuse, ca. 3.5 mm. Stamens 4; anthers dark purple, ca. 3 mm. Ovary enveloped in involucel; style ca. 1.5 cm, strongly exserted; stigma pale brown, compressed globose. Achenes pale brown, obovoid, 3-5 mm, longitudinally 8-ribbed, sparsely adpressed hairy; pinnate hairs of persistent calyx ca. 1 cm, white. Fl. and fr. Jul-Oct.

Grassy slopes, meadows, by fields; 1800-4800 m. S Qinghai, W Sichuan, Xizang, N Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal].

《Flora of China》|| Dipsacaceae || Pterocephalus ||匙叶翼首花 Pterocephalus hookeri

1. Pterocephalus hookeri (C. B. Clarke) E. Pritzel, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 601. 1901.

匙叶翼首花 chi ye yi shou hua

Scabiosa hookeri C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 3: 218. 1881; Pterocephalodes hookeri (C. B. Clarke) V. Mayer & Ehrendorfer; Pterocephalus batangensis Pax ex K. Hoffmann.

Herbs, perennial, 10-50 cm tall, white villous throughout. Taproots robust, columnar, 8-15 × 1.5-3.5 cm, lignified. Leaves all basal, rosulate, oblanceolate, 5-18 × 1-2.5 cm, base attenuate into winged petiole, margin entire, remotely and coarsely serrate, or pinnatifid, apex obtuse or acute; segments in 3-5 pairs, obliquely ovate or lanceolate, 1-2 cm; terminal lobe larger, lanceolate, abaxially white, midvein conspicuous, adaxially green, white puberulent. Scapes 10-40 cm, 2-4 mm in diam., white villous, more densely so near inflorescences. Capitula solitary, terminal, erect or slightly pendulous, globose, 3-4 cm in diam.; involucral bracts 2- or 3-layered, narrowly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 12-18 × 5-7 mm, pilose, margin ciliate, apex acute; bracts linear-oblanceolate, 1-1.2 cm, base clawed, densely white villous, midvein conspicuous; involucels tubular, 4-5 × ca. 1.5 mm, outside white hirsute, attenuate toward base, sinuate-dentate, apex slightly spreading. Calyx segmented to base into 20 soft pinnate hairs. Corolla yellowish white to pale purple, tubular-funnelform, 1-1.2 cm, outside rather densely villous, shallowly 5-lobed; lobes obtuse, ca. 3.5 mm. Stamens 4; anthers dark purple, ca. 3 mm. Ovary enveloped in involucel; style ca. 1.5 cm, strongly exserted; stigma pale brown, compressed globose. Achenes pale brown, obovoid, 3-5 mm, longitudinally 8-ribbed, sparsely adpressed hairy; pinnate hairs of persistent calyx ca. 1 cm, white. Fl. and fr. Jul-Oct.

Grassy slopes, meadows, by fields; 1800-4800 m. S Qinghai, W Sichuan, Xizang, N Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Nepal].