《中国植物志》|| 茜草科 RUBIACEAE ||巴戟天组 Sect. Bajitian Y. Z. Ruan ||巴戟天 Morinda officinalis F. C. How

26. 巴戟天（植物分类学报）大巴戟（中国通邮地方物产志），巴戟、巴吉、鸡肠风（广东）
Morinda officinalis How in Acta Phytotax. Sinica 7: 325. 1958; 海南植物志3: 332. 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 243, 图5899. 1975.
藤本；肉质根不定位肠状缢缩，根肉略紫红色，干后紫蓝色；嫩枝被长短不一粗毛，后脱落变粗糙，老枝无毛，具棱，棕色或蓝黑色。叶薄或稍厚，纸质，干后棕色，长圆形，卵状长圆形或倒卵状长圆形，长6-13厘米，宽3-6厘米，顶端急尖或具小短尖，基部纯、圆或楔形，边全缘，有时具稀疏短缘毛，上面初时被稀疏、紧贴长粗毛，后变无毛，中脉线状隆起，多少被刺状硬毛或弯毛，下面无毛或中脉处被疏短粗毛；侧脉每边(4-)5-7条，弯拱向上，在边缘或近边缘处相联接，网脉明显或不明显；叶柄长4-11毫米，下面密被短粗毛；托叶长3-5毫米，顶部截平，干膜质，易碎落。花序3-7伞形排列于枝顶；花序梗长5-10毫米，被短柔毛，基部常具卵形或线形总苞片1；头状花序具花4-10朵；花(2-)3(-4)基数，无花梗；花萼倒圆锥状，下部与邻近花萼合生，顶部具波状齿2-3，外侧一齿特大，三角状披针形，顶尖或钝，其余齿极小；花冠白色，近钟状，稍肉质，长6-7毫米，冠管长3-4毫米，顶部收狭而呈壶状，檐部通常3裂，有时4或2裂，裂片卵形或长圆形，顶部向外隆起，向内钩状弯折，外面被疏短毛，内面中部以下至喉部密被髯毛；雄蕊与花冠裂片同数，着生于裂片侧基部，花丝极短，花药背着，长约2毫米；花柱外伸，柱头长圆形或花柱内藏，柱头不膨大，2等裂或2不等裂，子房(2-)3(-4)室，每室胚珠1颗，着生于隔膜下部。聚花核果由多花或单花发育而成，熟时红色，扁球形或近球形，直径5-11毫米；核果具分核(2-)3(-4)；分核三棱形，外侧弯拱，被毛状物，内面具种子1，果柄极短；种子熟时黑色，略呈三棱形，无毛。花期5-7月，果熟期10-11月。
产福建、广东、海南、广西等省区的热带和亚热带地区。生于山地疏、密林下和灌丛中，常攀于灌木或树干上，亦有引作家种。中南半岛也有分布。模式标本采自广东罗浮山。
本种是现代中药巴戟天的原植物，其肉质根的根肉晒干即成药材“巴戟天”。

《云南植物志》|| 茜草科 Rubiaceae ||巴戟天属 Morinda Linn. ||巴戟天 Morinda officinalis How

15.巴戟天（本草纲目）
巴戟（图鉴），大巴戟（中国通邮地方物产志），鸡肠风（广东）
Morinda officinalis How (1958); 海南植物志 (1974); 图鉴 (1975)*; 西双版纳植物名录 (1984); 中国植物志 (1999)*.
藤本。根肉质，粗厚，分枝，成肠状缢缩，根肉略紫红色，干后紫蓝色。嫩枝被硬毛，后毛脱落变粗糙，老枝无毛，具棱，棕色或蓝黑色。叶纸质，长圆形、卵状长圆形或倒卵状长圆形，长6—14厘米，宽2.5—6厘米，先端短尖或短渐尖，基部钝圆或楔形，边缘有时具疏短缘毛，叶面初时被疏而紧贴的硬毛，后无毛，在中脉上被刺状硬毛或弯毛，背面无毛或沿中脉被疏短硬毛和脉腋内有短束毛，侧脉4—7对，弯拱向上，在近边缘相联结，网脉明显或不明显；叶柄长4—11毫米，密被短硬毛；托叶鞘状，干膜质，长2.5—5毫米，顶部截平。花序顶生，单生或3至7个小头状花序排列成伞形状，小头状花序直径5—9毫米，有花2—10朵，生于长3—10毫米、被短硬毛的总花梗上；苞片卵形或线形；花无梗；花萼倒圆锥状，下部彼此合生，顶部2—3浅裂，裂片不等大，外侧的1裂片特大，三角状披针形，其余的极小；花冠白色，近钟状，长6—7毫米，冠管长3—4毫米，冠管喉部收缩，花冠裂片2—4，卵形或长圆形，短于冠管，先端钝而微凸尖，内弯，外面被疏短柔毛，内面中部至冠管喉部密被髯毛；雄蕊与花冠裂片同数，着生于花冠裂片基部，花丝极短，花药背着，长约2毫米；花柱伸出或内藏，2裂，子房2—4室，每室胚珠1颗。聚花果近球形或扁球形，直径5—11毫米，成熟时红色；分核2—4，三棱形；种子熟时黑色，稍三棱形，无毛。花期5—7月，果期9—11月。
景洪有栽培。广西、广东、海南、福建也有。分布于越南。我国南部地区常见栽培。
本种是中药巴戟天的原植物，其肉质根经加工即成药材“巴戟天”。它为驱风强壮药，治脚气、风痰，并有补血、强筋骨之效。

《Flora of China》|| Rubiaceae || Morinda ||巴戟天 Morinda officinalis

17. Morinda officinalis F. C. How, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 7: 326. 1958.

巴戟天 ba ji tian

Lianas; branches surrounded at base by persistent leafless stipules, when young strigillose, hirtellous, or pilose, becoming glabrescent and scabrous, angled, brown or bluish black. Leaves opposite; petiole 4-11 mm, densely puberulent, strigillose, hirtellous, or hirsute to glabrescent; blade drying papery, on both surfaces brown to yellow-brown, shiny to matte adaxially, matte abaxially, ovate-oblong, obovate-oblong, or elliptic, 6-13 × 3-6 cm, adaxially sparsely strigillose, hirtellous, or hirsute to glabrescent, abaxially glabrous or sparsely hirtellous along principal veins, base obtuse, rounded, cuneate, or acute, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded and abruptly mucronulate; secondary veins (4 or)5-7 pairs, with small pilosulous domatia; stipules fused into a spathe or tube, 3-5 mm, membranous, puberulent to hirtellous, truncate, on each side 2-denticulate. Inflorescence terminal; peduncles 1-7 or 15-25, umbellate or fasciculate, 0.1-1 cm, densely hirtellous to strigillose, as a group usually subtended by 1 or 2 stipuliform bracts; heads 1 per peduncle, subglobose to hemispherical, 5-7 mm in diam., 1-3- or 4-10-flowered. Flowers fused for ca. half of hypanthium, biology not noted. Calyx puberulent to glabrous; limb 1-1.5 mm, lobed for ca. 1/2; lobes 2-4, triangular, sometimes markedly unequal on an individual flower, obtuse to acute. Corolla white, campanulate or urceolate, outside puberulent, hirtellous, or glabrescent; tube 3-4 mm, inside densely villosulous from middle of tube to throat; lobes (2-)4, lanceolate or narrowly oblong, 3-4 mm, apically thickened and rostrate. Drupecetum globose to oblate, 5-11 mm in diam. Drupes fully fused, red, subglobose, 4-5 mm. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Oct-Nov.

● Sparse or dense forests and thickets on mountains, also cultivated; 100-500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan.

According to the protologue, the species is apparently cultivated and used medicinally. The roots were described by Y. Z. Ruan (in FRPS 71(2): 199. 1999) as fleshy, irregularly intestine-like constricted, slightly purplish red, purplish blue when dry; they are illustrated in the protologue figure. The roots of almost no other Morinda species have been described by Y. Z. Ruan or any other authors seen.

《Flora of China》|| Rubiaceae || Morinda ||毛巴戟天 Morinda

17a. Morinda officinalis var. hirsuta F. C. How, Acta Phyto­tax. Sin. 7: 328. 1958.

毛巴戟天 mao ba ji tian

Young branches and leaf blade densely transparent villous. Flowering heads 1-10, 4-10-flowered; peduncles 1-10 mm. Calyx lobes green.

● Forests on mountains. Hainan.

《Flora of China》|| Rubiaceae || Morinda ||密梗巴戟天 Morinda

17. Morinda officinalis ‘Uniflora’

密梗巴戟天 mi geng ba ji tian

Flowering heads 15-25, 1(-3)-flowered; peduncles ca. 2 mm. Calyx lobes often becoming white.

● Cultivated in Guangdong.

This taxon was originally published as a cultivar (Y. Z. Ruan in W. C. Chen, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 71(2): 337. 1999), but it was not made clear if it is a well-known form that is deliberately selected and propagated or a wild-encountered form.