《中国植物志》|| 菊科 COMPOSITAE ||艾系 Ser. 5. Artemisia Artemisia ||北艾 Artemisia vulgaris L.

66.北艾（植物分类学报）白蒿、细叶艾（新疆），野艾（青海）图版14：1-9
Artemisia vulgaris Linn. Sp. Pl. 848 1753; Ledeb. Alt. 4: 52. 1833 et Fl. Ross. 2(2): 585. 1844-1846. p. p.; Bess. in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 3: 51. 1834. incl. var. vul gatissima Bess., var. coarctica Fors. ex Bess. et var. latifolia Fisch. Bess. p. p.; DC. Prodr. 6: 112'. 1837; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 446. 1888. p. p., excl. syn.; Ling in Contr. Inst. Bot. Nat Peip. 2(10): 524. 1934. p. p., quoad pl. Sinkiang; Poljak. Фл. СССР 26: 438. 1961; S. Y. Hu in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 18(3-4): 266. 1965. P. P., quoad p1. Sinkiang; Filat. Фл. Каэах. 9: 86. 1966; Tutin et al. Fl. Europ. 4: 180. 1976. ——A. samamisica Bess. in Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 3: 50. 1834. Pl. Gmel. Jun. ——A. superba Pamp. in Nuov. Giorn, Bot. Ita.l. n. s. 36: 473. 1930. ——A. obscura Pamp. var. typica Pamp. f. genuina Pamp. l. c. 36: 417. 1930. p. p., quoad pl. Sinkiang.
多年生草本。主根稍粗，侧根多而细；根状茎稍粗，斜向上或直立，有营养枝。茎少数 或单生，高（45-） 60-160厘米，有细纵棱，紫褐色，多少分枝；枝短或略长，斜向上；茎、枝微被短柔毛。叶纸质，上面深绿色，初时疏被蛛丝状薄毛，后稀疏或无毛，背面密被灰白色蛛丝状绒毛；茎下部叶椭圆形或长圆形，二回羽状深裂或全裂，具短柄，花期叶凋谢；中部叶椭圆形、椭圆状卵形或长卵形，长3-10(-15)厘米，宽1.5-6(-10)厘米，一至二回羽状深裂或全裂，每侧有裂片（3-）4-5枚，裂片椭圆状披针形或线状披针形，长3-5厘米，宽1-1.5厘米，先端长渐尖，边缘常有1至数枚深或浅裂齿，中轴具狭翅，基部裂片小，成假托叶状，半抱茎，无叶柄；上部叶小，羽状深裂，裂片披针形或线状披针形，边缘有或无浅裂齿；苞片叶小，3深裂或不分裂，裂片或不分裂的苞片叶线状披针形或披针形，全缘。头状花序长圆形，直径2.5-3(-3.5)毫米，无梗或有极短的梗，基部有小苞叶，在分枝的小枝上排成密穗状花序，而在茎上组成狭窄或略开展的圆锥花序；总苞片3-4层，覆瓦状排列，外层总苞片略短小，卵形，先端尖，背面密被蛛丝状柔毛，边狭膜质，中层总苞片长卵形或长椭圆形，背面被蛛丝状柔毛，边宽膜质，内层总苞片倒卵状椭圆形，半膜质，背面毛少；雌花7-10朵，花冠狭管状，檐部具2裂齿，紫色，花柱伸出花冠外，先端2叉，叉端尖；两性花8-20朵，花冠管状或高脚杯状，檐部紫红色，花药线形，先端附属物尖，长三角形，基部有短尖头或略钝；花柱略比花冠长，先端2叉，花后稍外弯，叉端截形，具长而密的睫毛。瘦果倒卵形或卵形。花果期8-10月。
产陕西（秦岭）、甘肃（西部）、青海、新疆、四川（西部）等省区；陕西（秦岭太白山） 及青海分布在海拔2 500米以上地区，甘肃、新疆分布在海拔1 500-2 100米的地区，多生于亚高山地区的草原、森林草原、林缘、谷地、荒坡及路旁等处。蒙古、苏联、欧洲除冰岛及大西洋与地中海中的岛屿外的国家、北美洲的加拿大及美国东部也有。染色体2n=16。模式标本采自西欧。
含挥发油，有光水苏素（psilostachyin C15H20O5）及光水苏素一C(psilostachyin-C. C15H20O4），根含酮类（C14H140）物质，此外还含有生物碱。新疆民间作“艾”（家艾）的代用品，有温气血、逐寒湿、止血、温经、安胎等功效，为妇科常用药；又作牲畜饲料。

《Flora of North America》|| Asteraceae || Artemisia || Artemisia vulgaris

50. Artemisia vulgaris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 848. 1753.

Common mugwort, felon-herb, green-ginger, armoise vulgaire

Artemisia opulenta Pampanini; A. vulgaris var. glabra Ledebour; A. vulgaris var. kamtschatica Besser

Perennials, (40–)60–190 cm, sometimes faintly aromatic (rhizomes coarse). Stems relatively numerous, erect, brownish to reddish brown, simple proximally, branched distally (angularly ribbed), sparsely hairy or glabrous. Leaves basal (petiolate) and cauline (sessile), uniformly green or bicolor; blades broadly lanceolate, ovate, or linear, (2–)3–10(–12) × 1.8–8 cm (proximal reduced and entire, distal pinnately dissected, lobes to 20 mm wide), faces pubescent or glabrescent (abaxial) or glabrous (adaxial). Heads in compact, paniculiform or racemiform arrays (10–)20–30(–40) × (5–)7–15(–20) cm. Involucres ovoid to campanulate, 2–3(–4) mm. Phyllaries lanceolate, hairy or glabrescent. Florets: pistillate 7–10; bisexual (5–)8–20; corollas yellowish to reddish brown, 1.5–3 mm, glabrous (style branches arched-curved, truncate, ciliate). Cypselae ellipsoid, 0.5–1(–1.2) mm, glabrous, sometimes resinous. 2n = 18, 36, 40, 54.

Flowering mid summer–late fall. Sandy or loamy soils, forested areas, coastal strands, roadsides; 0–500 m; introduced; Greenland; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask.; Ala., Alaska, Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., Mont., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis.; Eurasia.

Grown as a medicinal plant, most commonly as a vermifuge, Artemisia vulgaris is widely established in eastern North America and is often weedy in disturbed sites. Populational differences in morphologic forms are reflected in size of flowering heads, degree of dissection of leaves, and overall color of plants (from pale to dark green), suggesting multiple introductions that may date back to the first visits by Europeans. It is tempting to recognize the different forms as subspecies and varieties; the array of variation in the field is bewildering. If genetically distinct forms exist in native populations, the differences appear to have been blurred by introgression among the various introductions in North America. A case could be made for recognizing var. kamtschatica in Alaska based on its larger heads and shorter growth form; apparent introgression with populations that extend across Canada confounds that taxonomic segregation.

《Flora of China》|| Asteraceae || Artemisia ||北艾 Artemisia vulgaris

65. Artemisia vulgaris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 848. 1753.

北艾 bei ai

Herbs, perennial, (45-)60-160 cm tall, sparsely pubescent. Lowermost leaves shortly petiolate; leaf blade 2-pinnatisect. Middle stem leaves ± sessile; leaf blade elliptic, ovate-elliptic, suborbicular, or ovate-orbicular, 3-10(-15) × 1.5-6(-10) cm, abaxially densely gray arachnoid tomentose, adaxially sparsely arachnoid puberulent or glabrescent, 1- or 2-pinnatisect or pinnatipartite; segments (3 or)4 or 5, elliptic-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 3-5 × 1-1.5 cm, rachis narrowly winged, few serrate or not. Uppermost leaves pinnatipartite; leaflike bracts 3-lobed or entire; lobes or entire bracts lanceolate. Synflorescence an ill-defined panicle, lateral branches often shorter than subtending leaves. Involucre oblong, 2.5-3(-3.5) mm; phyllaries densely arachnoid pubescent. Marginal female florets 7-10. Disk florets 8-20, bisexual. Achenes obovoid or ovoid. Fl. and fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 16, 16 + 1b, 18, 24, 36, 40, 45, 54.

Roadsides, slopes, canyons, forest margins, forest steppes, subalpine steppes; 1500-3800 m. W Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, W Sichuan, Xinjiang, E Xizang [Afghanistan, Japan, Mongolia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Russia, N Thailand, N Vietnam; Africa, SW Asia (Iran), Europe, North America].