《中国植物志》|| 莎草科 CYPERACEAE ||筛草组 Sect. 63. Macrocephalae Kukenth. ||筛草 Carex kobomugi Ohwi

474. 筛草（本草纲目） 砂砧薹草（东北草本植物志）
Carex kobomugi Ohwi in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Univ. Ser. B. 5 (3), 281, 1930; V. Krecz. in Kom., Fl. URSS 3: 124, t. 11, fig. 3, 1935; Ohwi, Cyper. Japon. 1: 249, t. 7, 1936; Kitag., Linearn. Fl. Mansh, 103, 1939; Akiyama, Caric. Far East. Reg. Asia 54, Pl. 21, 1955 (forma kobomugi); Egorova, Caric. URSS Subgen, Vignea Sp. 102, fig. 11 (1), 1966; 东北草本植物志11: 192, 图版87, 图1-7, 1976; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 274, 图7 377, 1976; 江苏植物志上册: 296, 图519, 1977; 台湾植物志5: 366, 1978; 浙江植物志7: 301, 图7-412, 1993. ——C. macrocephala Willd. var. longibracteata Oliver in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 9: 170, 1866. ——C. macrocephala Willd. var. kobomugi Miyabe et Kudo Fl. Hokk. et Saghal. 2: 221, 1931.
根状茎长而匍匐或斜向地下，外被黑褐色分裂成纤维状的叶鞘。秆高10-20厘米，宽3-4毫米，极粗壮，钝三棱形，平滑，基部具细裂成纤维状的老叶鞘。叶长于秆，宽3-8毫米，平张，革质，黄绿色，边缘锯齿状。苞片短叶状。小穗多数，卵形，长10-15毫米；穗状花序雌雄异株，稀同株；雄花序长圆形，长4-5厘米，宽1.2-1.3厘米；雌花序卵形至长圆形，长4-6厘米，宽约3厘米。雄花鳞片披针形至狭披针形，顶端渐狭成粗糙短尖，长5-10毫米；雌花鳞片卵形，顶端渐狭成芒尖，长1.2-1.6厘米，宽4-5毫米，革质，黄绿色带栗色，具多条脉。果囊稍短于鳞片或与鳞片近等长，披针形或卵状披针形，平凸状，长10-15毫米，宽约4毫米，弯曲，厚革质，栗色，无毛，有光泽，两面具多条脉，上部边缘具齿状狭翅，基部近圆形，具短柄，先端渐狭成长喙，稍弯，喙口具2尖齿。小坚果紧包于果囊中，长圆状倒卵形或长圆形，长5-5.5毫米，橄榄色，基部稍成楔形，顶端圆形；花柱下部微有毛，基部稍膨大，柱头2个。花果期6-9月。
产黑龙江、辽宁、河北、青海、山东、江苏、浙江、台湾；生于海滨或河边、湖边砂地。分布俄罗斯（远东地区）、朝鲜、日本。模式标本采自日本。

《Flora of North America》|| Cyperaceae || Carex || Carex

60. Carex kobomugi Ohwi, Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 5(3): 2 1930.

Sea Isle Japanese sedge

Carex macrocephala Willdenow ex Sprengel var. kobomugi (Ohwi) Miyabe & Kudô

Culms bluntly angled, smooth or slightly serrulate on 1 angle distally, 10–30 cm. Inflorescences with pistillate heads 2–4 cm wide; proximal spikes appressed to ascending. Pistillate scales green or gold with distal margins white or pale gold, 0.7–1 mm wide, apex long- or short-tapered with awn to 6–12 mm. Anthers 4–6.5 mm. Perigynia appressed-ascending to ascending, with shallowly erose wing 0.4–0.6 mm wide, base acute; beak ± falcate, 3–5 mm from apex to achene, apex notched 0.4–0.6 mm adaxially. Achenes 4–7 × 1.5–2.5 mm.

Fruiting spring–summer. Sandy beaches along seacoasts, sounds, bays, and inlets; 0 m; introduced; Del., Md., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Oreg., R.I., Va.; native e Asia.

Before Carex kobomugi was formally recognized it was included in C. macrocephala Willdenow ex Sprengel. Carex kobomugi was collected during the early 1900s from ballast and sand near Portland, Oregon, but recent collections are not known; the habitat there may no longer exist. Clones of C. kobomugi have been registered by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service and the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station for long-term stabilization of coastal sand dunes. Its introduced range will likely expand.

《Flora of China》|| Carex || ||筛草 Carex kobomugi

512. Carex kobomugi Ohwi, Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 5: 281. 1930.

筛草 shai cao

Carex macrocephala Willdenow ex Sprengel var. kobomugi (Ohwi) Miyabe & Kudô; C. macrocephala var. longibracteata Oliver.

Rhizome long creeping, clothed with dark brown fibrous remnants of old glumes. Culms 10-20 cm tall, 3-4 mm thick, erect, rigid, obtusely trigonous, subsmooth, clothed at base with dark brown sheaths disintegrating into parallel fibers. Leaves longer than culm, blades yellow-green, broadly linear, 3-8 mm wide, flat, ± curved, leathery, serrulate margined. Lowest involucral bracts narrowly leaflike. Plants dioecious, rarely monoecious; male inflorescence oblong, 4-5 × 1.2-1.3 cm; female inflorescence ovate to oblong, 4-6 × ca. 3 cm; spikes numerous, ovate, 10-15 mm. Female glumes yellow-green, ovate to narrowly ovate, 12-16 × 4-5 mm, leathery, many veined, margins broadly hyaline, broad costa excurrent into a long scabrous awn, apex acute, usually toothed. Utricles yellow-greenish, slightly shorter than or ± equaling glume, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, plano-convex, 10-15 × ca. 4 mm, leathery, lustrous, finely many veined on both faces, narrowly winged margins irregularly serrulate-scabrous on upper part, apex gradually tapering into a long weakly incurved beak, orifice 2-toothed. Nutlets olivaceous, loosely enveloped, oblong-obovate or oblong, compressed trigonous, base slightly cuneate, apex rounded; style sparsely pilose below, base slightly thickened; stigmas 2. Fl. and fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 84.

Seashores, riversides, sandy lakeshores. Anhui, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia (Far East)].

Carex macrocephala Willdenow ex Sprengel has been attributed to China (see Fl. N. Amer. 23: 309. 2002); its range includes coastal areas of NW North America and NE Asia (Japan, Russia). However, we have found no specimens from China, and the reports probably can be traced to an older usage of C. macrocephala, which included C. kobomugi.