《中国植物志》|| 伞形科 UMBELLIFERAE ||防风属 Saposhnikovia Schischk. ||防风 Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk.

1. 防风（神农本草经）北防风、关防风（东北）；哲里根呢（内蒙古）图版97
Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. in Komarov, Fl. URSS. 17: 54. 1951; 东北药用植物志145. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 1075. 图3880. 1972; 东北草本植物志6: 213. 1977——Stenocoelium divaricatum Turcz. in Flora 1: 17 (Beibl 17): 14. 1834, nom. et Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 17: 734. 1844.——Siler divarscatum (Turcz.) Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. pl, 1: 909. 1867. ——Ledebouriella seseloides auct. non Wolff: Kitagawa. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. 338. 1939.
多年生草本，高30-80厘米。根粗壮，细长圆柱形，分歧，淡黄棕色。根头处被有纤维状叶残基及明显的环纹。茎单生，自基部分枝较多，斜上升，与主茎近于等长，有细棱，基生叶丛生，有扁长的叶柄，基部有宽叶鞘。叶片卵形或长圆形，长14-35厘米，宽6-8 (-18) 厘米，二回或近于三回羽状分裂，第一回裂片卵形或长圆形，有柄，长5-8厘米，第二回裂片下部具短柄，末回裂片狭楔形，长2.5-5厘米，宽1-2.5厘米。茎生叶与基生叶相似，但较小，顶生叶简化，有宽叶鞘。复伞形花序多数，生于茎和分枝，顶端花序梗长2-5厘米；伞辐5-7，长3-5厘米，无毛；小伞形花序有花4-10；无总苞片；小总苞片4-6，线形或披针形，先端长，长约3毫米，萼齿短三角形；花瓣倒卵形，白色，长约1.5毫米，无毛，先端微凹，具内折小舌片。双悬果狭圆形或椭圆形，长4-5毫米，宽2-3毫米，幼时有疣状突起，成熟时渐平滑；每棱槽内通常有油管1，合生面油管2；胚乳腹面平坦。花期8-9月，果期9-10月。
产黑龙江、吉宁、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、宁夏、甘肃、陕西、山西、山东等省区。生长于草原、丘陵、多砾石山坡。
根供药用，为东北地区著名药材之一。有发汗、祛痰、驱风、发表、镇痛的功效，用于治感冒、头痛、周身关节痛、神经痛等症。

《Flora of China》|| Apiaceae || Saposhnikovia ||防风 Saposhnikovia divaricata

1. Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turczaninow) Schischkin in Schischkin & Bobrov, Fl. URSS. 17: 54. 1951.

防风 fang feng

Stenocoelium divaricatum Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 17: 734. 1844; Cachrys seseloides (Hoffmann) Marschall von Bieberstein; Johrenia seseloides (Hoffmann) Koso-Poljansky; Laser divaricatum (Turczaninow) Thellung; Ledebouriella divaricata (Turczaninow) M. Hiroe; L. seseloides (Hoffmann) H. Wolff; Rumia seseloides Hoffmann; Siler divaricatum (Turczaninow) Bentham & J. D. Hooker; Trinia dahurica Turczaninow ex Besser; T. seseloides (Hoffmann) Ledebour.

Plants 30–80 cm high. Rootstock to 2 cm thick. Basal leaves numerous; petioles flattened, with ovate sheaths; leaf blades oblong-ovate to broad-ovate, 14–35 × 6–8(–18) cm, 2-pinnate; pinnae 3–4 pairs, petiolulate; ultimate segments linear-lanceolate or cuneate-obovate, 3-lobed at apex, 2–5 × 0.5–2.5 cm. Leaves reduced upwards. Umbels numerous, ca. 6 cm across; peduncles 2–5 cm; rays 5–7, 3–5 cm; bracteoles 4–6, ca. 3 mm, acuminate; umbellules 4–5-flowered. Petals ca. 1.5 mm. Fruit 4–5 × 2–3 mm, tuberculate when young, becoming smooth when mature. Fl. Aug–Sep, fr. Sep–Oct. n = 8*.

Scrub, hillsides, grasslands, stony slopes; 400–800 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi [Korea, Mongolia, Russia (E Siberia)].

The root is used as the important traditional Chinese medicine “fang feng.”