《中国植物志》|| 罂粟科 PAPAVERACEAE ||紫堇组 Sect. Aulacostigma Liden ||紫堇 Corydalis edulis Maxim.

229.紫堇（图经本草）蝎子花、麦黄草、断肠草、闷头花（四川、陕西、秦岭植物志）图版95：1-8
Corydalis edulis Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 24: 30. 1877; in Mel Biol. 10: 49, 1877; Forbes et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 37, 1886; Maxim. in Act. Bot. Petrop. 11: 50. 1889; Fedde in Fedde Repert. 26: 176. 1929; in Engl. et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2/17b: 133. 1936;中国高等植物图鉴2: 23, 图1776, 1972; 秦岭植物志1 (2): 371, 图317, 1974; 中国高等植物图鉴补编1: 668, 1982, in clav.; Liden in Oqsera Bot. 88: 28, f. 25, B. 1988; 湖北植物大全68, 1993.——C. chinensis Franch. in Nov. Arch. Mus. Paris ser. 2 (5): 28, 1884; et Pl. David. 1: 28, 1884.——C. micropoda Franch. 1. c. 29, 1884; Forbes et Hemsl. in ibid. 23: 37. 1886; Franch. Pl. Delav. 49, 1889; Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29, 1900.
一年生灰绿色草本，高20-50厘米，具主根。茎分枝，具叶；花枝花葶状，常与叶对生。基生叶具长柄，叶片近三角形，长5-9厘米，上面绿色，下面苍白色，1-2回羽状全裂，一羽片2-3对，具短柄，二回羽片近无柄，倒卵圆形，羽状分裂，裂片狭卵圆形，顶端钝，近具短尖。茎生叶与基生叶同形。总状花序疏具3-10花。苞片狭卵圆形至披针形，渐尖，全缘，有时下部的疏具齿，约与花梗等长或稍长。花梗长约5毫米。萼片小，近圆形，直径约1.5毫米，具齿。花粉红色至紫红色，平展。外花瓣较宽展，顶端微凹，无鸡冠状突起。上花瓣长1.5-2厘米；距圆筒形，基部稍下弯，约占花瓣全长的1/3；蜜腺体长，近伸达距末端，大部分与距贴生，末端不变狭。下花瓣近基部渐狭。内花瓣具鸡冠状突起；爪纤细，稍长于瓣片。柱头横向纺锤形，两端各具1乳突，上面具沟槽，槽内具极细小的乳突。蒴果线形，下垂，长3-3.5厘米，具1列种子。种子直径约1.5毫米，密生环状小凹点；种阜小，紧贴种子。
产辽宁（千山）、北京、河北（沙河）、山西、河南、陕西、甘肃、四川、云南、贵州、湖北、江西、安徽、江苏、浙江、福建、生于海拔400-1200米左右的丘陵、沟边或多石地。日本有分布。模式标本采自陕西的汉水流域。
全草药用，能清热解毒，止痒，收敛，固精，润肺，止咳（《秦岭植物志》）。
本种能作蔬莱，并宜于栽培(Fedde 1929)。据吴征镒考证：堇字古通芹字，诗经 “堇茶如饴”，说明古代食用的“芹”即紫堇，为古时蔬菜。后世渐为伞形科"水芹Oenanthe"所替代。现在各地广为食用的"芹菜Apium graveoplens"则系晚近从西方传入的，初称荷兰芹或洋芹菜。近来本种作为蔬菜栽培已绝迹，作为野菜用的也很少见。

《Flora of China》|| Papaveraceae || Corydalis ||紫堇 Corydalis edulis

27. Corydalis edulis Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, sér. 3. 24: 30. 1878.

紫堇 zi jin

Corydalis chinensis Franchet; C. micropoda Franchet.

Herbs, annual, glaucous, 20-50 cm tall, with thin taproot. Stems leafy, branched. Basal leaves long petiolate; blade pale abaxially, green adaxially, nearly deltoid, 5-9 cm, pinnate to bipinnate; once lobed blades 2 or 3 pairs, shortly petiolulate; twice lobed blade nearly sessile, obovate, pinnately lobate; segments narrowly ovate, apex obtuse, nearly mucronate. Cauline leaves like basal leaves. Raceme distantly 3-10-flowered; bracts narrowly ovate to lanceolate, apex acuminate, margin entire, sometimes upper bracts distant with teeth, ca. equal to pedicels or slightly longer. Pedicel ca. 5 mm. Sepals nearly orbic- ular, small, ca. 1.5 mm, dentate. Flowers pink to amaranth, flat. Outer petals broad and flat, apex retuse, without crest; upper petal 1.5-2 cm; spur cylindric, base slightly downcurved, ca. 1/3 as long as petal; nectary long, ultimately nearly extended to spur, most adhering on spur, nectary end not narrow; lower petal near base attenuate; inner petals crested; claw slender, slightly longer than petal lobes. Stigma horizontal, fusiform, each end with a papilla, apex grooved, groove with very small papilla. Capsule drooping, linear, 3-3.5 cm, with seeds in 1 row. Seeds lenticular, pitted, with whitish dots flanking hilum area, ca. 1.5 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr-Jul.

● Channel sides, stony places, roadsides; 400-1200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning (Qianshan), Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [?Japan].