《中国植物志》|| 菊科 COMPOSITAE ||飞廉亚族 Carduinae O. Hoffm. ||刺头菊属 Cousinia Cass.

152.刺头菊属——Cousinia Cass.
Cass. in Diet. Sc. Nat. 47: 503, 1827: Bunge in Mem Acad. Petersb. 7 ser. 9 (2): 6, 1865: Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2: 467, 1873; Boiss., Fl. Or. 458, 1875: C. W inkl. in Act. Hort. Petrop. 12: 181. 1892: O. Hoffm. in Pflanzenfam. 4(5): 318, 1892: Tschern. in Fl. URSS 27: 108, 1962
一年生、二年生或多年生草本或半灌木。叶互生，羽状分裂或不分裂，基生叶通常莲座状。头状花序同型，含多数小花，单生茎顶，或植株有多数头状花序，排成总状，圆锥状花序或伞房花序。总苞卵形、球形、圆柱状、钟状或碗状。总苞片多层，覆瓦状排列，坚硬，革质，顶端渐尖成硬针刺，最内层苞片顶端通常硬膜质，钝。花托平，被稠密的托毛，托毛边缘糙毛状或全缘。全部小花两性，管状。花丝分离，光滑。花药基部附属物箭形，羽状撕 裂。花柱分枝短或较长。瘦果倒卵形、倒圆锥状，压扁，有2条明显的边肋或5-多条高起的肋棱或脉纹，无毛，极少有蛛丝毛，基底着生面，平，顶端通常圆形，边肋或肋棱伸出成尖齿状或多少形成齿状果缘。冠毛1-多层，冠毛刚毛等长，糙毛状，基部不连合成环，但极易分散脱落，极少无冠毛。
约600种，主要分布于亚洲西南部和苏联中亚。新疆和西藏是这个属分布区的东部 边界。我国有11种，仅见于新、藏二区。
属模式种：C. orientalis (Adams) C. Koch.

《Flora of China》|| Asteraceae || ||刺头菊属 Cousinia

23. Cousinia Cassini in F. Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. 47: 503. 1827.

刺头菊属 ci tou ju shu

Authors: Zhu Shi & Werner Greuter

Herbs, biennial or perennial. Leaves divided or undivided, margin spiny or spinulose. Capitula 1 to many, forming a racemose, paniculate, or corymbose synflorescence, or solitary, glabrous to cobwebby. Involucre spherical to cylindric. Phyllaries imbricate, leathery, ending in a spine. Stamen filaments glabrous; anther with ± lacerate basal appendages. Style branches short to long, apex acute. Achene obovoid to obconic, laterally compressed, with (2-)4 or 5 raised ribs, rugose, apex ± rimmed; rim sometimes denticulate. Pappus rarely absent, when present bristles in ca. 3 rows, outer ones much shorter than inner.

About 600 species: C, S, and SW Asia; 11 species (two endemic) in China.