《中国植物志》|| 大戟科 EUPHORBIACEAE ||聚生花序组 Sect. 2. Hypericifoliae Pojero ||飞扬草 Euphorbia hirta L.

8.飞扬草（海南植物志）乳籽草（台湾植物志），飞相草（四川）图版8：5-8
Euphorbia hirta Linn. Sp. Pl. 454. 1753; H. Keng in Taiwania 6: 44. 1955;海南植物志2: 185. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 620.图2970. 1972; 台湾植物志3: 462.1972; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 840. 1978; 湖北植物志2: 387.图1294. 1979; 云南种子植物名录1: 440. 1984; 福建植物志3: 227. 1987; J. S. Ma & C. Y. Wu in Collect. Bot. 21: 104. 1992. ——E. pilulifera Linn. Sp. Pl. 454. 1753; Boiss. in DC. Prod, 15 (2): 21. 1862; Hook. 1. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 250. 1825; Forb.＆HemA. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 416. 1894; 1evl. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2, 6: 764. 1906; Dunn & Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform., add. Ser. 10: 232. 1912; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 5: 246. 1925, T. N. Liou in Contrib. Lab. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1 (1): 7. 1931, 横断山维管植物1: 1065, 1993. ——Chamaesyce hirta (Linn.) Mill. Spaugh in Field Mus. Pub. Bot. 2: 303. 1909; Lin et al. in Bull. Bot. Acad. Sin. 32: 230. 1991; 台湾植物志ed 2, 3, 436, pl. 226, 1993. ——E. hirta Linn. var. typica L. C. Wheeler in Rhodora 43: 170. 1941.
一年生草本。根纤细，长5-11厘米，直径3-5毫米，常不分枝，偶3-5分枝。茎单一，自中部向上分枝或不分枝，高30-60（70）厘米，直径约3毫米，被褐色或黄褐色的多细胞粗硬毛。叶对生，披针状长圆形、长椭圆状卵形或卵状披针形，长1-5厘米，宽5-13毫米，先端极尖或钝，基部略偏斜；边缘于中部以上有细锯齿，中部以下较少或全缘；叶面绿色，叶背灰绿色，有时具紫色斑，两面均具柔毛，叶背面脉上的毛较密；叶柄极短，长1-2毫米。花序多数，于叶腋处密集成头状，基部无梗或仅具极短的柄，变化较大，且具柔毛；总苞钟状，高与直径各约1毫米，被柔毛，边缘5裂，裂片三角状卵形；腺体4,近于杯状，边缘具白色附属物；雄花数枚，微达总苞边缘；雌花1枚，具短梗，伸出总苞之外；子房三棱状，被少许柔毛；花柱3,分离；柱头2浅裂。蒴果三棱状，长与直径均约1-1.5毫米，被短柔毛，成熟时分裂为3个分果爿。种子近圆状四梭，每个棱面有数个纵糟，无种阜。花果期6-12月。
产于江西、湖南、福建、台湾、广东、广西、海南、四川、贵州和云南。生于路旁、草丛、灌丛及山坡，多见于砂质土。分布于世界热带和亚热带。模式标本采自印度。全草入药，可治痢疾、肠炎、皮肤湿疹、皮炎、疖肿等；鲜汁外用治癣类。

《云南植物志》|| 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae ||地锦草亚属 Subgen. Chamaesyce Raf. ||飞扬草 Euphorbia hirta Linn.

3. 飞扬草（海南植物志）图版63: 1-4
Euphorbia hirta Linn. (1753); 图鉴 (1972)*; 云南种子植物名录 (1984); 中国植物志 (1997)*.
Euphorbia pilulifera Linn. (1753); Boiss. in DC. (1862); Hook. f. (1825); Gagnep. in Lecomte (1925); 横断山区维管植物 (1993); Chamaesyce hirta (Linn.) Millsp. (1909); 台湾植物志 (1993)*.
一年生草本，茎高30-60（-70）厘米，自中部向上分枝或不分枝，被褐色硬毛。叶对生，叶片披针状长圆形、长椭圆状卵形或卵状披针形，长1-5厘米，宽5-13毫米，先端极尖或钝，基部略偏斜，边缘于中部以上具细锯齿，中部以下齿少或全缘，叶下面有时具紫色斑，两面具柔毛；叶柄短，长1-2毫米。花序密集成头状，腋生；总苞钟状，高与直径均约1毫米，被柔毛，边缘5裂，裂片三角状卵形；腺体4枚，近杯状，附属物白色；雄花数枚，微达总苞边缘；雌花伸出总苞之外；子房三棱状，疏被柔毛，花柱分离，柱头2浅裂。蒴果三棱状，长与直径均1-1.5毫米，被短柔毛。种子近圆形，四棱，每个棱面具数个纵沟。花果期6-12月。
产云南全省；生于海拔800-2500米的路旁、草丛、灌丛及山坡，多见于砂质土。分布于长江以南；广布于世界热带和亚热带。
全株入药，能清热、止血、利尿、止痢、消炎和杀菌。

《Flora of North America》|| Euphorbiaceae || || Euphorbia hirta

45. Euphorbia hirta Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 454. 1753.
[I W]

Pillpod spurge Pillpod spurge

Chamaesyce gemella (Lagasca) Small; C. hirta (Linnaeus) Millspaugh; Euphorbia gemella Lagasca

Herbs, annual or perennial, with slender to thickened taproot. Stems usually erect to ascending, rarely prostrate or decumbent, 10–50(–75) cm, usually both strigillose and hirsute. Leaves opposite; stipules usually distinct, rarely connate at base, undivided or divided into 2–4 narrowly deltate to linear-subulate segments, 0.5–1.8(–2.9) mm, pilose, often with light-colored, minute circular glands at base; petiole 1–3 mm, usually both strigillose and hirsute; blade ovate to rhombic, 7–43 × 3–18 mm, base strongly asymmetric, one side rounded or slightly cordate to truncate, the other cuneate to attenuate, margins serrulate to double serrulate, apex acute, surfaces often with red spot in center, usually strigose to hirtellous, rarely glabrescent; 3–5-veined from base. Cyathia in dense, axillary and terminal, capitate glomerules, with reduced, bractlike leaves subtending cyathia, axillary glomerules either sessile or at tips of elongated, leafless stalks; peduncle 0.4–2.1 mm. Involucre obconic, 0.6–1.2 × 0.4–0.9 mm, strigillose; glands 4, greenish to pink, circular, oblong, or reniform, 0.1–0.2 × 0.1–0.2 mm; appendages white to pink, flabellate, subcircular, or transversely oblong, rarely absent, (0–)0.1–0.6 × (0–)0.1–0.7 mm, distal margin usually entire, rarely slightly lobed. Staminate flowers 2–8. Pistillate flowers: ovary strigillose, often canescent when young; styles 0.2–0.6 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. Capsules subglobose to slightly oblate, 1–1.3 × 1.1–1.6 mm, strigillose; columella 0.7–1 mm. Seeds brownish red to orange or pink, narrowly ovoid, 4-angled in cross section, 0.7–0.9 × 0.5–0.7 mm, usually rugulose or with 3–6 low transverse ridges, rarely nearly smooth.

Flowering and fruiting year-round. Disturbed areas, roadsides, vacant lots, desert grasslands, mesquite woodlands, riparian forests with cottonwoods and willows, flood plain forests, pinelands, deciduous forests; 0–1500 m; introduced; Ala., Ariz., Ark., Calif., Fla., Ga., La., Miss., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., S.C., Tex.; Mexico; West Indies; Bermuda; Central America; South America; introduced also in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia.

Euphorbia hirta is a widespread weed that is distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is probably native to at least central Mexico, and its native range possibly extends from South America to the southern United States. In many places within the flora area the species is certainly introduced, and it has been recorded as a waif from several states (for example, Maryland, Michigan, and Virginia). Euphorbia pilulifera Linnaeus, a rejected name that is a heterotypic synonym of the Asian E. parviflora Linnaeus, has been misapplied to North American material of E. hirta in the past.

《Flora of China》|| Euphorbiaceae || Euphorbia ||飞扬草 Euphorbia hirta

7. Euphorbia hirta Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 454. 1753.

飞扬草 fei yang cao

Chamaesyce hirta (Linnaeus) Millspaugh.

Herbs, annual, 30-60(-70) cm tall, usually few branched. Root fibrous, 3-5 mm. Stem branched from middle or above, ascending to erect, rarely prostrate, ca. 3 mm thick, with mixture of long yellow-brown multicellular hairs and much shorter white hairs. Leaves opposite; stipules membranous, triangular, 0.8-1.7 mm, caducous; petiole 1-3.5 mm; leaf blade lanceolate-oblong, long elliptic, or ovate-lanceolate, 10-50 × 3-16 mm, adaxially green to red, sometimes with purple blotch along midrib, abaxially gray-green, both surfaces pilose, denser abaxially, base slightly oblique, margin entire or few serrulate below middle, finely serrulate above middle, apex acuminate or obtuse. Cyathia in dense, often headlike, pedunculate cymes at upper nodes, peduncle to 25 mm, all parts very hairy; involucre campanulate, ca. 1 × 1 mm, pilose, marginal lobes 5, triangular-ovate; glands 4, red, rounded to transversely elliptic, center slightly sunken, appendages white to reddish, narrowly elliptic to obdeltoid, to 0.3 × 0.2 mm, margin entire to slightly undulate. Male flowers 4 or 5; anthers red. Female flower: pedicel short, exserted from involucre; ovary 3-angular, sparsely pilose; styles free; stigma slightly 2-lobed. Capsule 3-angular, 1-1.5 × 1-1.5 mm, smooth, shortly pilose; fruiting peduncle to 1.5 mm. Seeds subglobose-tetragonal, 0.7-0.9 × 0.4-0.5 mm, reddish, sides transversely furrowed; caruncle absent. Fl. and fr. Jun-Dec. 2n = 18*.

Roadsides, fields, scrub, open forests. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [tropical and subtropical regions in both hemispheres].

This species is used medicinally.