《中国植物志》|| 蓼科 POLYGONACEAE ||拳参组 Sect. Bistorta (Adans.) D. Don ||拳参 Polygonum bistorta L.

50．拳参（本草纲目）拳蓼 图版8: 1-2
Polygonum bistorta L. Sp. Pl. 360. 1753; Forb. et Hemsl, in Journ. Linn. soc. Bot. 26: 334. 1891; Sam. in Acta Hort. Gothob. 5: 6. 1929; Stew. in Contr. Gray Herb. 88: 35. 1930 p. p.; Kung in Fl. Ill. N. Chine 5: 69. Pl. 1936;湖北植物志1: 249.图341. 1976.——P. lapidosum Kitag. in Rep. Mansh. 2: 290. 1930.——Bistorta major S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 267. 1821. ——B. officinalis Rafin. Fl. Tellur. 3: 12. 1836.
多年生草本。根状茎肥厚，直径1-3厘米，弯曲，黑褐色。茎直立，高50-90厘米，不分枝，无毛，通常2-3条自根状茎发出。基生叶宽披针形或狭卵形，纸质，长4-18厘米，宽2-5厘米；顶端渐尖或急尖，基部截形或近心形，沿叶柄下延成翅，两面无毛或下面被短柔毛，边缘外卷，微呈波状，叶柄长10-20厘米；茎生叶披针形或线形，无柄；托叶筒状，膜质，下部绿色，上部褐色，顶端偏斜，开裂至中部，无缘毛。总状花序呈穗状，顶生，长4-9厘米，直径0.8-1.2厘米，紧密；苞片卵形，顶端渐尖，膜质，淡褐色，中脉明显，每苞片内含3-4朵花；花梗细弱，开展，长5-7毫米，比苞片长；花被5深裂，白色或淡红色，花被片椭圆形，长2-3毫米；雄蕊8, 花柱3, 柱头头状。瘦果椭圆形，两端尖，褐色，有光泽，长约3.5毫米，稍长于宿存的花被。花期6-7月，果期8-9月。
产东北、华北、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、山东、河南、江苏、浙江、江西、湖南、湖北、安徽。生山坡草地、山顶草甸，海拔800-3000米。日本、蒙古、哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯（西伯利亚、远东）及欧洲也有。
根状茎入药，清热解毒，散结消肿。

《Flora of China》|| Polygonaceae || Polygonum ||拳参 Polygonum bistorta

50. Polygonum bistorta Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 360. 1753.

拳参 quan shen

Bistorta lapidosa Kitagawa; B. major S. F. Gray; B. officinalis Rafinesque; Persicaria bistorta (Linnaeus) Sampaio; Polygonum lapidosum (Kitagawa) Kitagawa.

Herbs perennial. Rhizomes black-brown, curved, large, 1-3 cm in diam. Stems erect, usually 2 or 3 from a rhizome, 50-80 cm tall, simple, glabrous. Basal leaves long petiolate; petiole 10-20 cm; leaf blade broadly lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 4-18 × 2-5 cm, papery, both surfaces glabrous or abaxially pubescent, base truncate or subcordate, decurrent along petiole forming narrow wing, margin revolute, apex acute or acuminate. Cauline leaves sessile; leaf blade linear or lanceolate; ocrea: lower part green, upper part brown, tubular, membranous, apex oblique, cleft to middle. Inflorescence terminal, spicate, dense, 4-9 cm, 0.8-1.2 cm in diam.; bracts brownish, ovate, membranous, midvein conspicuous, apex acuminate, each 3- or 4-flowered. Pedicels longer than bracts, 5-7 mm, slender. Perianth pinkish or white, 5-parted; tepals elliptic, 2-3 mm. Stamens 8, equaling perianth. Styles 3, free; stigmas capitate. Achenes slightly exceeding persistent perianth, brown, shiny, ellipsoid, trigonous, ca. 3.5 mm. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep.

Hilly grasslands, meadows; 800-3000 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia; Europe].

This species is used medicinally.