《中国植物志》|| 牻牛儿苗科 GERANIACEAE ||鼠掌组 Sect. Sibirica R. Knuth in Engl. Pflanzenr. Heft ||尼泊尔老鹳草 Geranium nepalense Sweet

8.尼泊尔老鹳草（中国高等植物图鉴）五叶草（滇南本草）
Geranium nepalense Sweet, Ceran. 1: tab. 12. 1820-1822; Edgew. et Hook. f. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 430. 1872; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 24:454. 1880;中国高等植物图鉴2: 529. 图2788. 1972;西藏植物志3: 5. 1986;云南植物志5: 91. 1991; 横断山区维管植物1: 1026. 1993; H. Koba, S. Akiyama, Y. Endo and H. Ohba, Name List Fl. Pl. Gymnosp. Nepal. 227. 1994.——Geranium fangii R. Knuth in Fedde Repert. sp. nov. 40: 218. 1933, syn nov; 四川植物志 9: 55. 1989.
多年生草本，高30-50厘米。根为直根，多分枝，纤维状。茎多数，细弱，多分枝，仰卧，被倒生柔毛。叶对生或偶为互生；托叶披针形，棕褐色干膜质，长5-8毫米，外被柔毛；基生叶和茎下部叶具长柄，柄长为叶片的2-3倍，被开展的倒向柔毛；叶片五角状肾形，茎部心形，掌状5深裂，裂片菱形或菱状卵形，长2-4厘米，宽3-5厘米，先端锐尖或钝圆，基部楔形，中部以上边缘齿状浅裂或缺刻状，表面被疏伏毛，背面被疏柔毛，沿脉被毛较密；上部叶具短柄，叶片较小，通常3裂。总花梗腋生，长于叶，被倒向柔毛，每梗2花，少有1花；苞片披针状钻形，棕褐色干膜质；萼片卵状披针形或卵状椭圆形，长4-5毫米，被疏柔毛，先端锐尖，具短尖头，边缘膜质；花瓣紫红色或淡紫红色，倒卵形，等于或稍长于萼片，先端截平或圆形，基部楔形，雄蕊下部扩大成披针形，具缘毛；花柱不明显，柱头分枝长约1毫米。蒴果长15-17毫米，果瓣被长柔毛，喙被短柔毛。花期4-9月，果期5-10月。
分布于秦岭以南的陕西、湖北西部、四川、贵州、云南和西藏东部。生于山地阔叶林林缘、灌丛、荒山草坡，亦为山地杂草。中南半岛、孟加拉国、锡金、尼泊尔等地皆有分布。
全草入药，具强筋骨、祛风湿、收敛和止泻之效。
本原变种无论花的结构或营养体特征都与鼠掌老鹳草G. sibiricum L相似。但本种主要分布于中国一喜马拉雅植物区系和南亚的热带山地，而后者主要分布于欧亚温带地区。两者在我国西南呈现明显的地理替代现象，因此在分布区交界或重叠地区，出现形态特征的过渡，给分类工作带来很大困难。

《云南植物志》|| 牻牛儿苗科 Geraniaceae nom. conserv. ||老鹳草属 Geranium L. ||五叶草 Geranium nepalense Sweet

27．五叶草（滇南本草）图版27，4—6
尼泊尔老鹳草（图鉴）
Geranium nepalense Sweet (1820)*; D. Don (1825); Edgew. et Hook. f. in Hook. f. (1874); Debeaux (1876), (1879); Franch. (1886), (1889); Knuth in Engl. (1912) et in Engl. u. Prantl (1931); Hand.-Mazz. (1933);滇南本草图谱 (1946)*; Kitam. (1955); 图鉴 (1972)*; Hara (1975), (1979); 图鉴补编 (1983), in clavi.
多年生草本，高30—50厘米或更高，有时很矮小。根茎斜生，先端具数枚残枯的基生托叶；根数条，延长，有多数细根。茎细弱，蔓延于地面上，斜上升，略呈方形，绿色带紫红色，疏被倒向柔毛，具多数分枝。基生叶多数，叶柄长达18厘米，通常较短，疏被倒向柔毛；叶片轮廓肾状五角形，长达4厘米，宽达6厘米，通常较小，3—5深裂不达基部，裂片宽卵形，具不规则的浅裂或齿缺，先端具尖头，叶面疏生紧贴的细刚毛，背面疏生柔毛，沿脉较密；茎生叶多数，对生，有时互生，下部叶具长柄，上部叶具短柄，叶片大多3深裂，其他与基生叶相同；托叶狭披针形至披针形，长0.4—1厘米，先端渐尖，被细短毛和缘毛。聚伞花序数个，腋生，各有2花，有时1花；花序梗长2—9厘米，被倒向或伸展的柔毛；苞片钻形，长0.2—0.6厘米，被细短毛和缘毛；花梗长1—3厘米，被倒向或伸展的柔毛，果时先端外弯；萼片长圆状披针形，长0.4—0.6厘米，先端具小尖头，3脉突起，外面被细短毛，沿脉疏生长白毛和具缘毛，有膜质边缘；花瓣淡红色、紫色、蓝紫色或白色，宽倒卵形，长0.5—0.8厘米，全缘，有着深色的5脉，基部被长白毛；花丝下部卵形，上部线形，长0.3—0.4厘米，白绿色，无毛，花药近圆形，长约0.5毫米，紫红色；雌蕊稍短于雄蕊，子房绿色，柱头紫红色，均密被白毛。果长1.5—1.7厘米，果瓣被细短毛和长硬毛，喙被细短毛，绿色转黄绿；种子长圆形，长2—2.5毫米，粗约1.5毫米，有极多细、密的网纹。花果期几全年。
遍布全省，生于海拔1000—3600米的林下、灌丛下、山坡、草地、路边、水沟边、荒地等；西南、西北、华中、华东等地均有。阿富汗、尼白尔、不丹、印度、斯里兰卡、缅甸、越南及日本也有分布。
全草药用，强筋骨、祛风湿，能收敛、止泻。

《Flora of China》|| Geraniaceae || Geranium ||尼泊尔老鹳草 Geranium nepalense

16. Geranium nepalense Sweet, Geraniaceae. 1: t. 12. 1820.

尼泊尔老鹳草 ni bo er lao guan cao

Geranium fangii R. Knuth; G. jinchuanense Z. M. Tan; G. lavergneanum H. Léveillé; G. lavergneanum var. cinerascens H. Léveillé; G. nepalense var. oliganthum (C. C. Huang) C. C. Huang & L. R. Xu; G. oliganthum C. C. Huang.

Perennials. Rootstock ± vertical, 2-5.8 mm in diam., not tuberculate, without thickened roots. Stem 27-72 cm tall, trailing or ascending, sometimes rooting at nodes, with 0.2-1.4 mm patent or retrorse appressed nonglandular trichomes. Stipules lanceolate to subulate, distinct. Leaves opposite; petiole with 0.2-1.5 mm patent to retrorse nonglandular trichomes; leaf blade 2.3-4.1 cm, palmately cleft, ratio of main sinus/middle segment length = 0.78-0.89, pilose with appressed nonglandular trichomes; segments 5, broadly rhombic, 3.7-6.5 mm wide at base, 6-12-lobed in distal half, ratio of second sinus/middle segment length = 0.15-0.27. Cymules solitary, (1 or)2-flowered; peduncle 1.2-8.3 cm. Pedicel 1.1-2.5 cm, with 0.2-1 mm patent to retrorse nonglandular trichomes; bracteoles linear-lanceolate. Sepals 4.1-5.8 mm, mucro 0.4-1 mm, ratio of mucro/sepal length = 0.09-0.21, outside 0.4-1.1 mm with ± patent nonglandular trichomes, inside glabrous. Petals white, pale pink, or rarely deep pink, 5.1-5.9(-6.3) mm, erect to patent, both surfaces and margin with a few trichomes, apex rounded or slightly notched. Staminal filaments whitish, lanceolate with an abruptly narrowed apex, abaxially pilose and proximal half ciliate, trichomes 0.1-0.4 mm; anthers violet, 0.3-0.9 mm. Nectaries 5, hemispheric, glabrous. Stigma reddish. Fruit 1.4-1.8 cm, erect when immature; mericarps smooth with 1 transversal vein at apex, with a basal callus, with 0.3-1.3 mm ± patent nonglandular trichomes; rostrum 0.9-1.2 cm, with a 1-2 mm narrowed apex; stigmatic remains 0.8-1.4 mm. Seeds 1.9-2.3 mm. Fl. Apr-Sep, fr. May-Oct. 2n = 26, 28.

Forest margins, scrub, meadows, weedy areas; (100-)1000-3600 m. Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, E Xizang, Yunnan [Afghanistan, Bhutan, NE and S India, Indonesia (N Sumatra), Kashmir, Laos, N Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, N Vietnam].

This species is sometimes difficult to distinguish from Geranium sibiricum. Normally, at least some cymules in each plant of G. nepalense are 2-flowered, but 1-flowered cymules are not infrequent. In extreme forms, 2-flowered cymules can be difficult to locate. Information from herbarium specimens is not enough to understand this variability, and further field studies could be necessary. Geranium nepalense has leaves with broader segments than in G. sibiricum (with the widest point nearest to the apex), shorter narrowed apex of the rostrum, and longer sepal mucro. Additionally, G. nepalense is sometimes rooting at the nodes, which has not been observed in G. sibiricum. Distribution of G. nepalense seems to be more southern than that of G. sibiricum. Questionable provincial records need to be checked, as some records from N China may actually be G. sibiricum and some from E China may actually be G. thunbergii.

The whole plant is used for Chinese medicine.