《中国植物志》|| 小檗科 BERBERIDACEAE ||十大功劳属 Mahonia Nuttall ||阔叶十大功劳 Mahonia bealei (Fortune) Carrière

19．阔叶十大功劳 图版47: 1-8
Mahonia bealei (Fort.) Carr. in Fl. de Serres 10: 1 66, 1854; Takeda in Notes. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 6: 225, 1917; Ahrendt in Journ. Linn. Sic. Bot. 57: 319, 1961; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 776, 图1552, 1972; 秦岭植物志1 (2) : 325, 图278, 1974; 湖北植物志1: 399, 图564, 1976; 江苏植物志下册: 189, 图1026, 1982, 福建植物志2: 47, 1985; 浙江植物志2: 210, 图2-410, 1992. ——Berberis bealei Fort. in Gard. Chron. 1850: 212, 1850.——B. bealei Fort. var. plani folio Hook. f. Curbs's in Bot. Mag. 81: t. 4846, 1855, ——Mahonia japonica (Thunb.) DC. var. planifolio (Hook. f.) Levl. in Enum. Arbres. : 15, 1877.——M. japonica (Thunb.) var. bealei (Fort.) Fedde in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 31: 1 19, 1901.——M. bealei (Fart.) Carr. vax. planifolia (Hook. f.) Ahrendt in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot . 57: 320, 1961, syn. nov.
灌木或小乔木，高0.5-4（-8）米。叶狭倒卵形至长圆形，长27-51厘米，宽10-20厘米，具4-10对小叶，最下一对小叶距叶柄基部0.5-2.5厘米，上面暗灰绿色，背面被白霜，有时淡黄绿色或苍白色，两面叶脉不显，叶轴粗2-4毫米，节间长3-10厘米；小叶厚革质，硬直，自叶下部往上小叶渐次变长而狭，最下一对小叶卵形，长1.2-3.5厘米，宽1-2厘米，具1-2粗锯齿，往上小叶近圆形至卵形或长圆形，长2-10.5厘米，宽2-6厘米，基部阔楔形或圆形，偏斜，有时心形，边缘每边具2-6粗锯齿，先端具硬尖，顶生小叶较大，长7-13厘米，宽3.5-10厘米，具柄，长1-6厘米。总状花序直立，通常3-9个簇生；芽鳞卵形至卵状披针形，长1.5-4厘米，宽0.7-1.2厘米；花梗长4-6厘米；苞片阔卵形或卵状披针形，先端钝，长3-5毫米，宽2-3毫米；花黄色；外萼片卵形，长2.3-2.5毫米，宽1.5-2.5毫米，中萼片椭圆形，长5-6毫米，宽3.5-4毫米，内萼片长圆状椭圆形，长6.5-7毫米，宽4-4.5毫米；花瓣倒卵状椭圆形，长6-7毫米，宽3-4毫米，基部腺体明显，先端微缺；雄蕊长3.2-4.5毫米，药隔不延伸，顶端圆形至截形；子房长圆状卵形，长约3.2毫米，花柱短，胚珠3-4枚。浆果卵形，长约1.5厘米，直径约1-1.2厘米，深蓝色，被白粉。花期9月至翌年1月，果期3-5月。
产于浙江、安徽、江西、福建、湖南、湖北、陕西、河南、广东、广西、四川。该种在日本、墨西哥、美国温暖地区以及欧洲等地已广为栽培。在美国东部似已成为归化植物。
生于阔叶林、竹林、杉木林及混交林下、林缘，草坡，溪边、路旁或灌丛中。海拔500-2000米。Ahrendt (1961) 指定“Bot. Mag. 81：t. 4852，1855”为该种模式。

《Flora of China》|| Berberidaceae || Mahonia ||阔叶十大功劳 Mahonia bealei

19. Mahonia bealei (Fortune) Carrière, Fl. Serres. 10: 166. 1854.

阔叶十大功劳 kuo ye shi da gong lao

Berberis bealei Fortune, Gard. Chron. 1850: 212. 1850; B. bealei var. planifolia J. D. Hooker; Mahonia bealei var. planifolia (J. D. Hooker) Ahrendt; M. japonica Thunberg var. bealei (Fortune) Fedde; M. japonica var. planifolia (J. D. Hooker) H. Léveillé.

Shrubs or small trees, 0.5-4(-8) m tall. Leaves abaxially sometimes yellowish green, adaxially dull grayish green, narrowly obovate to oblong, 27-51 × 10-20 cm, with 4-10 pairs of leaflets, lowest pair 0.5-2.5 cm above base of petiole, abaxially very or slightly glaucous, venation indistinct on both surfaces; rachis 2-4 mm in diam.; internodes 3-10 cm, decreasing in length apically; leaflets increasing in length but decreasing in width from base to apex, thick, rigid, lowest pair ovate, 1.2-3.5 × 1-2 cm, with 1 or 2 teeth, those above suborbicular to ovate or oblong, 2-10.5 × 2-6 cm, base rounded, oblique, sometimes cordate, margin with 2-6 teeth on each side, apex cuspidate; terminal leaflet much larger, 7-13 × 3.5-10 cm, petiolule 1-6 cm or leaflets appearing sessile because of a basal lobe. Inflorescence erect, 3-9-fascicled racemes, 7-26 cm; bracts at base of inflorescence ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-4 × 0.7-1.2 cm. Pedicel 4-6 mm; floral bracts broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3-5 × 2-3 mm, apically obtuse. Sepals yellow; outer sepals ovate, 2.3-2.5 × 1.5-2.5 mm; median sepals elliptic, 5-6 × 3.5-4 mm; inner sepals oblong-elliptic, 6.5-7 × 4-4.5 mm. Petals obovate-elliptic, 6-7 × 3-4 mm, base with distinct glands, apex slightly emarginate, with rounded lobes. Stamens 3.2-4.5 mm; anther connective 1.1-1.3 mm, rounded to truncate. Ovary oblong-ovoid, ca. 3.2 mm; ovules 3 or 4; style short. Berry dark purple, pruinose, ovoid, ca. 1.5 × 1-1.2 cm; persistent style nearly absent. Fl. Sep-Jun of following year, fr. Mar-May. 2n = 28*.

● Forests, forest margins, weedy slopes, streamsides, roadsides, thickets; 500-2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.

This species is cultivated in Japan, Mexico, the warmer parts of Europe and the United States, and is naturalized in the SE United States.