《中国植物志》|| 禾本科 GRAMINEAE (POACEAE) ||雀稗亚族 Subtrib. Paspalinae Keng et Keng f. ex S. L. Chen ||稗属 Echinochloa Beauv.

14.稗属——Echinochloa Beauv.
Beauv. Ess. Agrost. 53: 161. 1812.
一年生或多年生草本。叶片扁平，线形。圆锥花序由穗形总状花序组成；小穗含1-2小花，背腹压扁呈一面扁平，一面凸起，单生或2-3个不规则地聚集于穗轴的一侧，近无柄；颖草质；第一颖小，三角形，长约为小穗1/3-1/2或3/5；第二颖与小穗等长或稍短；第一小花中性或雄性，其外稃革质或近革质，内稃膜质，罕或缺；第二小花两性，其外稃成熟时变硬，顶端具极小尖头，平滑，光亮，边缘厚而内抱同质的内稃，但内稃顶端外露；鳞被2，折叠，具5-7脉；花柱基分离；种脐点状。染色体x=9。
模式种：稗E．crusgalli（L.）Beauv.
本属约30种，分布全世界热带和温带。我国有9种，5变种。
本属大都为田间杂草；有的为优良牧草；其颖果含淀粉，尤其栽培种，可食用或为制糖 及酿酒的原料。

《云南植物志》|| 禾本科 Poaceae (Gramineae) ||黍族 Paniceae R. Br. ||稗属 Echinochloa Linn.

10.稗属 Echinochloa Linn.
一年或多年生草本。叶舌常缺如。穗形总状花序沿着主轴排列为圆锥花序，单一或具小分枝；小穗含1或2小花，近无柄，孪生或簇生，均偏生于穗轴的一侧，常排成四行，狭椭圆形至近圆形，一面扁平，一面凸起，常有糙硬毛，有时向下延伸成圆柱状短柄，先端具骤尖头或芒；颖草质，第一颖三角形，长约为小穗的1/3，先端急尖；第二颖约与第一小花等长；第一外稃有时稍变硬，具有不易弯曲的芒；内稃膜质；雄蕊有时存在；第二外稃成熟后变硬，先端呈小尖头状，表面平滑光亮，边缘内卷，包卷同质之内稃，但内稃先端有时游离。
约50余种，分布全球热带至温带，约10种为全球广布。常生于潮湿地带或浅水中。有些种是田间杂草。类谷稗 E. frumentacea (Roxb.) Link. 在印度常栽培作粮食或饲料。食用稗 E. esculenta (A. Br) Scholz 也是日本及我国栽培的谷类作物。水田稗 E. oryzoides (Ard.) Frisch. 是专门生于稻田中花期以前常与水稻混杂的有害杂草。有的种是优良牧草。许多种的颖果富含淀粉，是制糖及酿酒原料。我国约10种，云南都有。

《Flora of China》|| Poaceae || ||稗属 Echinochloa

163. Echinochloa P. Beauvois, Ess. Agrostogr. 53. 1812.

稗属 bai shu

Authors: Shou-liang Chen & Sylvia M. Phillips

Tema Adanson, nom. rej.

Annual or perennial. Culms often coarse and robust. Leaf blades flat, linear or broadly linear; ligule absent (ciliate in some species outside China). Inflorescence composed of racemes along a central axis; racemes simple or compound, densely spiculate, spikelets paired in 4 rows, or congested on secondary racemelets. Spikelets narrowly elliptic to subrotund, plump, plano-convex, often hispidulous or spinulose, acute to awned; lower glume triangular, 1/3–1/2(–3/5) spikelet length, sheathing; upper glume and lower lemma equaling the spikelet or upper glume somewhat shorter in cultivated forms, prominently 5–7-veined, acute to rostrate or lower lemma extended into a stout awn; upper lemma coriaceous, smooth, shining, terminating in a short, laterally compressed, incurving beak; upper palea acute, apex briefly reflexed. x = 9.

About 35 species: tropical and warm-temperate regions of the world; eight species (at least one introduced) in China.

The reflexed upper palea tip, although a very tiny character, is nevertheless important for distinguishing Echinochloa from neighboring genera, especially Brachiaria. The absence of a ligule is also a good spot character for recognition of the genus in China.

Species of Echinochloa typically grow in aquatic or moist situations. Several have become widespread weeds, especially of irrigated crops, and two are sometimes cultivated as minor cereals.