KINGDOM:Plantae || PHYLUM:Tracheophyta || CLASS:Liliopsida || ORDER:Asparagales || FAMILY:百合科 Asparagaceae || GENUS: 沿阶草属 Ophiopogon
《中国植物志》|| 百合科 LILIACEAE ||沿阶草组 Sect. Ophiopogon ||麦冬 Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker Gawl.
33.麦冬 麦门冬、沿阶草 图版55:3-5
Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker-Gawl. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 27: t. 1063. 1807; 侯宽昭等, 广州植物志680. 1956.——Convallaria japonica L. f., Suppl. Pl. 204. 1781. ——C. japonica L. f. var. minor Thunb., Fl. Jap. 139. 1784.——Flueggea japonica Rich. in Neu. Journ. Bot. Schrad. 2, 1: 9, t. 1, A, 1807. ——Slateria japonica Desv. in Verh. Batav. Gen. Wet. 12: 15. 1830. ——Ophiopogon stolonifer Levl. Et Vnt. in Levl., Liliac. etc. Chine 16. 1905.
根较粗,中间或近末端常膨大成椭圆形或纺锤形的小块根;小块根长1-1.5厘
米,或更长些,宽5-10毫米,淡褐黄色;地下走茎细长,直径1-2毫米,节上具膜质
的鞘。茎很短,叶基生成丛,禾叶状,长10-50厘米,少数更长些,宽1.5-3.5毫米,
具3-7条脉,边缘具细锯齿。花葶长6-15(-27)厘米,通常比叶短得多,总状花序
长2-5厘米,或有时更长些,具几朵至十几朵花;花单生或成对着生于苞片腋内;苞
片披针形,先端渐尖,最下面的长可达7-8毫米;花梗长3-4毫米,关节位于中部以
上或近中部;花被片常稍下垂而不展开,披针形,长约5毫米,白色或淡紫色;花药三
角状披针形,长2.5-3毫米;花柱长约4毫米,较粗,宽约1毫米,基部宽阔,向上渐狭。
种子球形,直径7-8毫米。花期5 8月,果期8-9月。
产广东、广西、福建、台湾、浙江、江苏、江西、湖南、湖北、四川、云南、贵州、安徽、河南、陕西(南部)和河北(北京以南)。生于海拔2000米以下的山坡阴湿处、林下或
溪旁;浙江、四川、广西等地均有栽培。也分布于日本、越南、印度。
本种小块根是中药麦冬,有生津解渴、润肺止咳之效,栽培很广,历史悠久(象杭
麦冬、川麦冬均属本种),
因此植物体态变化较大,例如叶丛的密疏,叶的宽狭4
长短等有时有明显的不同;但其花的构造变化不大,尤其花被片在花盛开时仅稍张
开,花柱基部宽阔,一般稍粗而短,略呈圆锥形等性状很一致,是鉴别本种的主要特征。
| Chinese name | Vernacular name | Plant | Ethnic group | Use | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 麦冬 | Zangd jab ngil diongb(姜加俄董) | 麦冬 Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb. ) Ker -Gawl. | Miao medicine | Ethnomedicinal | 《苗药集》 |
| 麦冬 | 小麦冬(德傣) | 麦冬 Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb. ) Ker -Gawl. | Dai medicine | Ethnomedicinal | 《德傣药》 |
| 麦冬 | 查干,榜嘎 | 麦冬 Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb. ) Ker -Gawl. | Mongolian medicine | Ethnomedicinal | 《蒙药》 |
| 麦冬 | 土麦冬,山韭菜,山麦冬 | 麦冬 Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb. ) Ker -Gawl. | She medicine | Ethnomedicinal | 《畲医药》 |
| 麦冬 | 麦冬 Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb. ) Ker -Gawl. | Miao medicine | Ethnomedicinal | 《湘蓝考》 | |
| 麦冬 | Bid liod(比子),Zend jab ngol yut(基加欧幼),Zend jab ngil diongd(姜加俄董),Zend vuabmisniol(整洼麦冬),Ghab ghok ghaob rib(戛果搞日) | 麦冬 Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb. ) Ker -Gawl. | Miao medicine | Ethnomedicinal | 《苗医药》 |
| 麦冬 | 丘菜美(金秀) | 麦冬 Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb. ) Ker -Gawl. | Yao medicine | Ethnomedicinal | 《桂药编》 |
| 麦冬 | 白粘草(大新,龙州),甲细(天峨),那久追(柳城),五从蒌(东兰) | 麦冬 Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb. ) Ker -Gawl. | Zhuang medicine | Ethnomedicinal | 《桂药编》 |
| 麦冬 | 麦冬 Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb. ) Ker -Gawl. | Bai medicine | Ethnomedicinal | 《大理资志》 | |
| 麦冬 | 麦冬 Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb. ) Ker -Gawl. | Yi medicine | Ethnomedicinal | 《哀牢》 |
| 安心汤 | 甘草丸 | 独活煮散 | 大金牙洒 | 羊肉汤 | 大行谐散 |
| 泻脾丸 | 麻黄汤 | 增损肾沥汤 | 八风散 | 麦门冬散 | 阿胶汤 |
| 茯苓补心汤 | 雄鸡汤 | 黄耆汤 | 大鳖甲汤 | 前胡汤 | 葱白汤 |
| 猪肾汤 | 杏仁汤 | 麦门冬汤 | 肾沥汤 | 肾沥汤 | 竹叶汤 |
| 白薇丸 | 乌雌鸡汤 | 柴胡汤 | 安中汤 | 半夏汤 | 人参汤 |
| Plant name | Local name | Family | Life form | Part used | Folk use | Voucher | Locality | Ethnic group | Region |
|---|
| Title | Authors | Journal | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ophiopogon japonicus-A phytochemical, ethnomedicinal and pharmacological review | Chen, Min-Hui; Chen, Xiao-Jia; Wang, Mei; Lin, Li-Gen; Wang, Yi-Tao | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | APR 2 2016 |
| A randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled clinical study on the efficacy and safety of Shenmai injection in patients with chronic heart failure | Xian, Shaoxiang; Yang, Zhongqi; Lee, Jun; Jiang, Zhiping; Ye, Xiaohan; Luo, Luyi; Jin, Lili; Yang, Tianlun; Ye, Suilin; Lu, Dongfeng | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | JUN 20 2016 |
| Investigating the authenticity of Ophiopogonis Radix and its Chinese patent medicines by using a nucleotide signature | Guo, Mengyue; Jiang, Wenjun; Yu, Jingsheng; Pang, Xiaohui | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | OCT 28 2020 |
| Serum metabolomic profiles reveal the impact of BuZangTongLuo formula on metabolic pathways in diabetic mice with hindlimb ischemia | Zheng, Junping; Guo, Yanlei; Hu, Baifei; Zhu, Lin; Yang, Yong; Li, Shengrong; Li, Na; Liu, Hongtao | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | JAN 21 2009 |
| MDG-1, a polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicus exerts hypoglycemic effects through the PI3K/Akt pathway in a diabetic KKAy mouse model | Wang, Ling-Yi; Wang, Yuan; Xu, De-Sheng; Ruan, Ke-Feng; Feng, Yi; Wang, Shuo | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | |
| BuZangTongLuo decoction improved hindlimb ischemia by activating angiogenesis and regulating gut microbiota in diabetic mice | Zheng, Junping; Chen, Man; Ye, Cheng; Sun, Xiongjie; Jiang, Nan; Zou, Xiaojuan; Yang, Huabing; Liu, Hongtao | JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY | FEB 10 2020 |
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