《云南植物志》|| 葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae nom. conserv. ||马?儿属 Zehneria Engl. ||马(瓜交)儿 Zehneria japonica (Thunb.) S. K. Chen

1.马?儿（救荒本草）图版82，6—9
老鼠拉冬瓜（“图鉴”），野稍瓜（浙江）
Zehneria japonica (Thunb.) S. K. Chen, comb. nov.
Bryonia japonica Thunb. Fl. Jap. 325. 1784; Ser. in DC. (1828); Melothria indica Lour. (1790); Ser. in DC. (1828); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. (1879); Cogn. in DC. (1881) et in Engl. (1916); Hemsl. (1887); Gagnep. in Lecte. (1921); Merr. (1927); 侯宽昭等 (1956); "图鉴" (1975)*; 江苏植物志 (1982)*; B. leucocarpd Bl. (1828); M. odorata (Hook. f. et Thoms. ex Benth.) Hoo k. f. et Thoms. ex C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. (1879); M. japonica (Thunb.) Maxim. ex Cogn. in DC. (1881) et in Engl. (1916); J. Ohwi (1978); Kitamura in Y. Satake et al. (1982)*; M. japonica (Thunb.) Maixim. ex Cogn. var. major Cogn. in DC. (1881) et in Engl. (1916); M. leucocarpa (Bl.) Cogn. l. c.; M. formosana Hayata (1911); M. argyi Lèvl. (1916); M. leucocarpa (Bl.) Cogn. var. rubella Gagnep. in Lecte. (1921); Zehneria indica (Lour.) Keraudren in Aubrèv. et Leroy (1975)*; C. Jeffrey (1980); Hara et Sutton in Hara et al. (1979); 吴征镒 (1984); 路安民、张志耘 (1986)*.
草质攀援藤本。茎、枝纤细，疏散，疏被微柔毛。叶片纸质或膜质，卵状心形、三角形、三角状卵形或戟形，不分裂或3—5浅裂，长5—7厘米，宽5—6.5（—7）厘米，先端急尖或渐尖，基部戟形或稍截形，边缘具不规则的细齿或近全缘，分裂叶片的中裂片狭三角形，较长，叶面深绿色，幼时被短柔毛，后变粗糙，背面淡绿色，无毛，基出掌状脉5条，疏被短硬毛，细脉网状，不明显；叶柄长2—3.5厘米，被微柔毛；卷须丝状，不分歧。花雌雄同株；雄花：单生或2—3花排成总状花序，单花花梗丝状，长1.5—2厘米，总状花序之轴长约1厘米，花梗长约5毫米，均疏被微柔毛；花萼阔钟形，长约1.5毫米，5裂，裂片钻形，长1—1.5毫米；花冠白色，裂片卵状长圆形，长2—2.5毫米，宽1—1.5毫米；雄蕊3，2枚2室，1枚1室或偶有全部2室，花丝长约0.5毫米，花药稍弓曲；退化子房球形；雌花：与雄花生于同一叶腋内，单生或双生，花梗丝状，长1—2厘米，无毛；花冠阔钟形，直径约2.5毫米；子房纺锤形，长3.5—4毫米，直径约1.5毫米，具疣状突起，柱头3；退化雄蕊腺体状。果实长圆形或卵形，成熟时红色或桔红色，有种子多数；种子卵形，灰白色，长3—5毫米，宽3—4毫米，平滑；果梗纤细，长3—5厘米，无毛。花果期9—11月。
产罗平、西畴、景洪、勐海和勐腊等地，生海拔650—1420米的沟谷林中阴湿处或灌丛中；分布于四川、贵州、广西、广东、湖北、湖南、江西、安徽、江苏、浙江、福建等省区。日本、朝鲜、越南、印度半岛、印度尼西亚（爪哇）和菲律宾亦有。
叶和根入药，有清热、解毒、消肿散结之功效；治咽喉肿痛、结膜炎，外用治疮疡肿毒、淋巴结结核、睾丸炎、皮肤湿疹等。

《Flora of China》|| Cucurbitaceae || Zehneria ||马(瓜交)儿 Zehneria japonica

3. Zehneria japonica (Thunberg) H. Y. Liu, Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Taichung. 1: 40. 1989.

马(瓜交)儿 ma jiao er

Bryonia japonica Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 870. 1784; Melothria argyi H. Léveillé; M. formosana Hayata; M. indica Loureiro; M. japonica (Thunberg) Maximowicz ex Cogniaux; M. leucocarpa (Blume) Cogniaux var. rubella Gagnepain; Neoachmandra indica (Loureiro) W. J. de Wilde & Duyfjes; N. japonica (Thunberg) W. J. de Wilde & Duyfjes; Zehneria indica (Loureiro) Keraudren; Z. omeiensis Z. Y. Zhu.

Plants scandent. Stems and branches filiform, glabrous. Petiole slender, 2.5-3.5 cm, villous at first, glabrescent; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, polymorphic, triangular-ovate, ovate-cordate, or hastate, 3-5 × 2-4 cm, membranous, unlobed or 3-5-lobed, abaxially glabrous, adaxially scabrous, apex acute or rarely shortly acuminate. Plants monoecious. Male flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 in a raceme; peduncle slender, very short, glabrous; pedicels filiform, 3-5 mm, glabrous; calyx broadly campanulate, ca. 1.5 mm, base acute or obtuse; corolla pale yellow, puberulent; segments oblong or ovate-oblong, 2-2.5 × 1-1.5 mm; stamens 3, two 2-celled and one 1-celled, sometimes all 2-celled; filaments short, ca. 0.5 mm; anthers ovoid-oblong or oblong, ca. 1 mm, pubescent; anther cells curved, puberulent; connective broad, apex produced. Female flowers solitary or rarely paired in same axil as male flowers; pedicel filiform, 1-2 cm, glabrous; corolla broadly campanulate, ca. 2.5 mm in diam.; segments lanceolate, 2.5-5 × 1-1.5 mm, apex slightly obtuse; ovary narrowly ovoid, 3.5-4 × 1-2 mm; style short, ca. 1.5 mm; stigmas 3; staminodes glandular. Fruit orange or red, oblong or attenuately ovoid, 1-1.5 cm × 5-8(-10) mm, both ends obtuse. Seeds gray-white, ovate, 3-5 × 3-4 mm, base attenuate, margin obscure. Fl. Apr-Jul, fr. Jul-Oct.

Moist places in forests, roadsides, thickets; 500-1600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Nepal, Philippines, Vietnam].