《中国植物志》|| 防己科 MENISPERMACEAE ||风龙属 Sinomenium Diels ||风龙 Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. & E. H. Wils.

1. 风龙（广东乐昌） 图版8：1-9
Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. et Wils. in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 387. 1913; 云南植物志3: 240. 1983; 广东植物志1: 39, 图41. 1987. ——Menispermum acutum Thunb. Fl. Jap. 193. 1784. ——Cocculus diversifolius Miq. var. cinereus Diels in Bot. Jahrb. 36: 45. 1905. ——Cocculus heterophyllus Hemsl. et Wils. in Kew Bull. 150. 1906. ——Sinomenium diversifolium (Miq.) Diels in Engler, Pflanzenreich IV. 94: 245. 1910.——S. acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. et Wils. var. cinereum (Diels) Rehd. et Wils. in Sargent, Pl. Wils. 1: 387. 1913. ——Cocculus diversifolius auct.non DC: Miq.in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. -Bat. 3: 10. 1867. ——Menispermum diversifolium (Miq.) Gagnep. var. mope auct. non Prantl: Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 39. 1908.
木质大藤本，长可达20余米；老茎灰色，树皮有不规则纵裂纹，枝圆柱状，有规则的条纹，被柔毛至近无毛。叶革质至纸质，心状圆形至阔卵形，长6-15厘米或稍过之，顶端渐尖或短尖，基部常心形，有时近截平或近圆，边全缘、有角至5-9裂，裂片尖或钝圆，嫩叶被绒毛，老叶常两面无毛，或仅上面无毛，下面被柔毛；掌状脉5条，很少7条，连同网状小脉均在下面明显凸起；叶柄长5-15厘米左右，有条纹，无毛或被柔毛。圆锥花序长可达30厘米，通常不超过20厘米，花序轴和开展、有时平叉开的分枝均纤细，被柔毛或绒毛，苞片线状披针形。雄花：小苞片2，紧贴花萼；萼片背面被柔毛，外轮长圆形至狭长圆形，长2-2.5毫米，内轮近卵形，与外轮近等长；花瓣稍肉质，长0.7-1毫米；雄蕊长1.6-2毫米；雌花：退化雄蕊丝状；心皮无毛。核果红色至暗紫色，径5-6毫米或稍过之。花期夏季，果期秋末。
产于长江流域及其以南各省区，北至陕西南部，南至广东和广西二省区北部，以及云南东南部。生于林中。也分布于日本。
根、茎可治风湿关节痛；根含多种生物碱，其中辛那米宁 (sinominine) 为治风湿痛的有效成分之一。枝条细长，是制藤椅等藤器的原料。

《云南植物志》|| 防己科 Menispermaceae ||汉防己属 Sinomenium Diels ||汉防己 Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. et Wils.

1．汉防己
风龙
Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. et Wils. (1913).
Menispermum acutum Thunb. (1784); Cocculus diversifolius Miq. (1867), non DC. (1818); Sinomenium diversifolium (Miq.) Diels (1910); Cocculus diversifolius Miq. var. cinereus Diels. (1905), syn. nov.; S. diversifolium (Miq.) Diels var. cinereum (Diels) Diels (1910); S. acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. et Wils. var. cinereum (Diels) Rehd. et Wils. (1913).
木质大藤本，长达20余米或更长；老茎灰色，树皮不规则纵裂，枝圆柱状，有直线纹，被柔毛至近无毛。叶薄革质，心状圆形至阔卵形，长6—15厘米或稍过之，顶端短尖至渐尖，基部常心形，有时近截平或微圆，边全缘，有角至5—9裂，裂片尖或钝圆，嫩叶被绒毛，老叶常两面无毛，或上面无毛，下面被柔毛；掌状脉5条，很少7条，连同网状小脉均在下面凸起；叶柄长5—15厘米左右，有条纹，无毛或被柔毛。花序长可达30厘米，通常不超过20厘米，花序轴和开展、有时平叉开的分枝均纤细，被柔毛或绒毛，苞片线状披针形；雄花：小苞片2，紧贴花萼；萼片背面被柔毛，外轮长圆形至狭长圆形，长2—2.5毫米，内轮近卵形，与外轮近等长；花瓣稍肉质，长0.7—1毫米；雄蕊长1.6—2毫米；雌花：不育雄蕊丝状；心皮无毛。核果红色至暗紫色，径5—6毫米或稍过之。花期：夏季；果期：秋末。
产云南东南部；常生林中。分布于我国长江流域及其以南各省区，北至陕西南部，南至广东和广西北部。日本（模式产地）也有。
根茎可治风湿关节痛；含多种生物碱，其中辛那米宁sinomenine为有效成分。枝条细长，是制藤椅等藤器的原料。

《Flora of China》|| Menispermaceae || Sinomenium ||风龙 Sinomenium acutum

1. Sinomenium acutum (Thunberg) Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 387. 1913.

风龙 feng long

Menispermum acutum Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 892. 1784; Cocculus diversifolius Miquel (1867), not Candolle (1817); C. diversifolius var. cinereus Diels; C. heterophyllus Hemsley & E. H. Wilson; M. diversifolium Gagnepain; M. diversifolium var. molle Gagnepain; Sinomenium acutum var. cinereum Diels ex Rehder & E. H. Wilson; S. diversifolium Diels.

Woody vines, to more than 20 m. Old stems gray, bark irregularly and longitudinally striate. Branches terete, regularly striate, puberulent to glabrous. Petiole 5-15 cm, striate, glabrous or puberulent; leaf blade cordate-ovate to broadly ovate, sometimes (3-)5-9-lobed, 6-15 cm or longer, leathery to papery, tomentose when young, or only glabrous adaxially and puberulent abaxially, usually glabrous when old, base often deeply cordate with narrow sinus, sometimes subtruncate or rounded, margin entire, lobes pointed or obtuse, apex acuminate or mucronate, palmately [3-]5(-7)-veined, reticulation conspicuously prominent abaxially. Inflorescences axillary, lax conical panicles, to 30 cm, usually shorter than 20 cm; rachis puberulent or tomentose; bracts linear-lanceolate. Male flowers: bracteoles 2, closely adnate to sepals; sepals yellowish green, abaxially puberulent, outer whorl oblong, 2-2.5 mm, inner whorl subovate, subequal to outer whorl; petals slightly fleshy, 0.7-1 mm; stamen 1.6-2 mm. Female flowers: sepals and petals as in male flower; staminodes filamentous; carpels glabrous. Drupes red to dark purple or blue-black, 5-6 mm in diam. or slightly larger. Fl. summer, fr. autumn.

Forests. Anhui, N Guangdong, N Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, S Shanxi, Sichuan, SE Yunnan, Zhejiang [N India, Japan, Nepal, N Thailand].

Sinomenium acutum contains the alkaloid sinomenine, which is used to treat arthritis and other inflammatory conditions.