《中国植物志》|| 薯蓣科 DIOSCOREACEAE ||复叶组 Sect. Lasiophyton Uline ||五叶薯蓣 Dioscorea pentaphylla L.

31. 五叶薯蓣（广州植物志）图版28: 7-10
Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Sp. Pl. 1032, 1753; Prain et Burkill in Journ. Asiat. Bengal n. s. 10: 23. 1914; R. Knuth in Engl. Pflanzenr. 87(4-43) 145. 1924; Prain et Burkill in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 14(1): 160, pl. 66-67. 1936; 中国高等植物图鉴5: 564, 图7958. 1976; 海南植物志4: 150. 1977.
缠绕草质藤本。块茎形状不规则，通常为长卵形，外皮有多数细长须根，断面刚切开时白色，不久变棕色。茎疏生短柔毛，后变无毛，有皮刺。掌状复叶有3-7小叶；小叶片常为倒卵状椭圆形、长椭圆形或椭圆形，最外侧的小叶片通常为斜卵状椭圆形，长6.5-24厘米，宽2.5-9厘米，顶端短渐尖或凸尖，全缘，表面疏生贴伏短柔毛至近无毛，背面疏生短柔毛。叶腋内有珠芽。雄花无梗或梗极短，穗状花序排列成圆锥状，长可达50厘米，花序轴密生棕褐色短柔毛；小苞片2，近半圆形，稍有短柔毛；发育雄蕊3枚。雌花序为穗状花序，单一或分枝；花序轴和子房密生棕褐色短柔毛；小苞片和花被外面有短柔毛。蒴果三棱状长椭圆形，薄革质，长2-2.5厘米，宽1-1.3厘米，成熟时黑色，疏生短柔毛；种子通常两两着生于每室中轴顶部，种翅向蒴果基部延伸。花期8-10月，果期11月至翌年2月。
分布于江西南部、福建南部、台湾、湖南南部、广东、广西、云南、西藏墨脱。生于海拔500米以下的林边或灌丛中。亚洲和非洲其他地区也产。

《云南植物志》|| 薯蓣科 Dioscoreaceae ||薯蓣属 Dioscorea Linn. ||五叶薯蓣 Dioscorea pentaphylla Linn.

33．五叶薯芋 图版230，9—11
毛团子（瑞丽），“苦卡拉”（傣族语），蓑衣包（景洪）
Dioscorea pentaphylla Linn. (1753); Roxb. (1832); Hook. f. (1892); Ridl. (1907); Prain et Burkill (1914), (1936)*, (1938), in Lecte. (1934); Knuth in Engl. (1924); Merr. (1927); Burkill (1951);图鉴 (1976)*; 海南植物志 (1977).
Dioscorea globifera Knuth (1924); D. jacquemontii Hook. f. (1892); Knuth in Engl. (1924); D. triphylla Linn. (1753); D. kleiniana Kunth (1850).
块茎1—2，球形、梨形或卵形，有时指状分裂，外面有多数细长须根，黄褐色，鲜时内面白色或淡黄色，但不久就呈棕黄色（因富含单宁）。茎左旋，淡黄色至褐色，老茎具棱，有刺，疏被棕色柔毛。叶腋有时具直径达1厘米的淡黄色珠芽。叶为具（3—）5小叶的掌状复叶，通常幼苗和花枝上的为3小叶，老茎上的具5小叶，稀于花枝上生掌状3浅裂或全缘单叶；叶片纸质，面绿色，背淡绿色，二面疏被伏柔毛至近无毛；中间小叶倒卵状披针形、倒卵形或长圆形，长5—20厘米，宽2.5—8厘米，两头渐狭，羽状侧脉7—8对，细脉网状，不明显；侧生小叶斜卵状披针形，长4—13厘米，宽2.6厘米，基出脉1条，稀2条；小叶具长0.5厘米的短柄或近无柄；总叶柄长3.5—11.5厘米，常具刺。雄总状花序长1—3厘米，有花10—50朵，被灰色柔毛，常排列成具1—2次分枝的长15—30厘米的腋生圆锥花序，主轴有刺，和分枝被灰色柔毛；雄花具短梗或近无梗；苞片和小苞片膜质，卵形，长1—1.2毫米，外被灰色柔毛或近无毛；花被裂片披针形，无毛，长1—1.5毫米，内轮的较宽；雄蕊着生于花被片基部，能育雄蕊3，花药比花丝长2倍，退化雄蕊3，比能育雄蕊长。雌穗状花序1—2个生叶腋，下垂，也有在无叶枝上排成圆锥花序式的，长10—20厘米，被棕色短柔毛，疏花；苞片卵形具芒尖，外被棕灰色短柔毛，长宽达3毫米，小苞片较小；子房密被棕褐色柔毛；花被裂片淡绿色、肉质、相等、长圆状卵形，长2—3毫米，先端钝，外被疏毛或无毛；退化雄蕊6，细小；柱头3，浅2裂，外卷。蒴果向上反折，褐色，长圆形，两头中央多少内凹，长2厘米，压扁后连翅宽1—1.3厘米，被短柔毛至近无毛；种子卵形，生果室上部，长3—4毫米，下方具长达1厘米的长形膜翅。 花期8—9月，果10月渐次成熟。
产西北部（贡山、福贡），西部（瑞丽、腾冲、临沧、镇康、耿马、景东至大理），南部（西双版纳）至东南部（绿春、屏边、西畴），海拔500—1500米，生于沟谷或山坡阔叶林，灌丛、草丛中。西藏（墨脱）、四川（巫溪）、广东（南部至海南）也有。分布于印度、尼泊尔、锡金、不丹、孟加拉、斯里兰卡、安达曼岛、中南半岛、马来半岛、琉球群岛、菲律宾、爪哇岛、伊里安岛、澳大利亚至新喀里多尼亚、萨摩亚群岛，夏威夷群岛。
块茎富含淀粉，可供食用。

《Flora of China》|| Dioscoreaceae || Dioscorea ||五叶薯蓣 Dioscorea pentaphylla

33. Dioscorea pentaphylla Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1032. 1753.

五叶薯蓣 wu ye shu yu

Dioscorea changjiangensis F. W. Xing & Z. X. Li; D. codonopsidifolia Kamikoti.

Tubers irregular, usually long ovoid; transverse section white when fresh, becoming brown; roots fibrous. Stem twining to left, sparsely puberulent, glabrescent, prickly. Bulblets present. Leaves alternate, palmately 3--7-foliolate; petiole 5--11 cm, densely reddish brown pubescent; leaflets ovate to lanceolate, 6.5--24 × 1.5--9 cm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially appressed pubescent, sometimes glabrescent, pinnately veined, base attenuate into a ± tomentose petiolule, margin entire, apex acute. Male spikes in axillary panicles to 50 cm, often with long, lateral branches; axis brown pubescent. Male flowers: sessile or subsessile; bract and bracteole reniform, forming an involucel around perianth, sparsely hairy, apex cuspidate; stamens 3. Female spikes simple or branched, brown puberulent. Female flowers: bracts, perianth, and ovary hairy. Capsule black at maturity, long ellipsoid, 2--2.5 cm, thinly leathery, sparsely hairy; wings 0.5--0.6 cm wide. Seeds inserted near apex of capsule; wing pointing toward capsule base. Fl. Aug--Oct, fr. Nov--Feb.

Scrub forests, forest margins; 500--1500 m. S Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, S Hunan, S Jiangxi, Taiwan, SE Xizang (Mêdog Xian), Yunnan [Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Japan (Okinawa), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Vietnam; Africa, Australia, Pacific Islands].

Dioscorea pentaphylla is an extremely widespread and variable species, such that Prain and Burkill recognized a total of 16 varieties in their revision of Asian species of Dioscorea. Synonyms based on material from outside China are not listed here. Dioscorea changjiangensis was recently described from an apparently distinctive collection from Hainan, but, when this is considered within the total range of variation shown by the species, we believe that it has to be included within D. pentaphylla. Dioscorea codonopsidifolia known only from the type collection from N Taiwan, is also included here for similar reasons. Most Chinese material has a reddish brown indumentum but this is not constant for the species throughout its range.