《中国植物志》|| 禾本科 GRAMINEAE ||棒头草属 Polypogon Desf. ||棒头草 Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud.

1．棒头草（亚洲文会会报新22卷）
Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 184. 1854; Honda in Journ. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo sect. III. Bot. 3: 198. 1930; Ohwi, Fl. Japan 89. 1956; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pakist. 403. 1960; Hsu in Hara, Fl. E. Himalaya 1: 374. 1966; Tzvel. in Pl. Asiae Centr. 4: 72. 1968; Hsu in Taiwania 16: 235. 1971; 台湾禾草281. 图35. 1975; Tzvel. Poac. URSS 343. 1976; 中国高等植物图鉴5:113.1976; 秦岭植物志1 (1) , 133. 1976; 江苏植物志 (上) , 203.图343. 1977; 台湾植物志5: 421. 1978.——Polypogon higegaweri Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 422. 1854;广州植物志795. 1956; 禾本科图说553.图482. 1959.; 江苏南部种子植物手册63. 图93. 1959. ——Polypogon litoralis (With.) Smith Compend. Fl. Brit. 13. 1800; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 246. 1897; Pilger in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 224. 1900; Rendle in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 386. 1904. ——Polypogon demissus Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 422. 1854; Roshev. in Kom. Fl. URSS 2: 164. 1934. ——Polypogon litoralis var. hagegaweri (Steud. ) Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 246. 1897; Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 1296. 1936. ——Polypogon lutosus (Poir) Hitchc. in U. S. Dept. Agric. Bull. No. 772. 1920. in obs.——Nowodworskya fugax (Nees ex Steud.) Nevski in Act. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 1 (4) : 339. 1937.
一年生。秆丛生，基部膝曲，大都光滑，高10-75厘米。叶鞘光滑无毛，大都短于或下部者长于节间；叶舌膜质，长圆形，长3-8毫米，常2裂或顶端具不整齐的裂齿；叶片扁平，微粗糙或下面光滑，长2.5-15厘米，宽3-4毫米。圆锥花序穗状，长圆形或卵形，较疏松，具缺刻或有间断，分枝长可达4厘米；小穗长约2.5毫米（包括基盘），灰绿色或部分带紫色；颖长圆形，疏被短纤毛，先端2浅裂，芒从裂口处伸出，细直，微粗糙，长1-3毫米；外稃光滑，长约1毫米，先端具微齿，中脉延伸成长约2毫米而易脱落的芒；雄蕊3，花药长0.7毫米。颖果椭圆形，1面扁平，长约1毫米。花果期4-9月。
产我国南北各地。生于海拔100-3600米的山坡，田边，潮湿处。在朝鲜，日本，苏联，印度，不丹及缅甸等国也有分布。模式标本采自日本。

《云南植物志》|| 禾本科 Poaceae (Gramineae) ||棒头草属 Polypogon Desf. ||棒头草 Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud.

1.棒头草（亚洲文会会报）图版67：10—12
Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steud. (1854); Bor (1960, 1970); 台湾植物志 (1978); 中国植物志 (1987); 横断山区维管植物 (1994).
Polypogon higegaweri Steud. (1854); 中国主要植物图说•禾本科 (1959)*; Polypogon littoralis var. higegaweri (Steud.) Hook. f. (1897); Hand. -Mazz. (1936); Nowodworskya fugax (Nees ex Steud.) Nevski (1937).
一年生草本。秆直立，丛生，高15—75厘米，具4—5节，平滑无毛，有时下部卧地而节上生根。叶鞘平滑无毛，大都短于节间；叶舌膜质，长圆形，长2—8毫米；叶片扁平，长2—16厘米，宽2—11毫米，粗糙或叶背平滑。圆锥花序狭卵形，长圆形或圆柱形，常有间断和裂片，长3—15厘米，宽1—5厘米，常带灰绿色或部分带紫色；分枝长1—4厘米；小穗长1.8—2.5毫米（底部的部分小穗柄在内）；颖几等长，长圆形，全体（特别是中下部）被微毛，先端有小凹缺，边缘有小纤毛；芒自缺口处伸出，纤细，直立，长0.5—3毫米；外稃平滑无毛，长约为颖之半，先端具微齿，无芒或有芒，芒如存在时，长可达2毫米，纤细，微粗糙，易脱落；花药长约0.7毫米。颖果椭圆形，一面扁平，长约1毫米。
产全省海拔1300—3900米的田野、道旁、河岸沙滩及湿地沼泽，通常是田间杂草。全国除东北及内蒙古之外，大部分地区都有。俄罗斯、朝鲜、日本、印度东北部、缅甸北部、尼泊尔均有。

《Flora of China》|| Poaceae || Polypogon ||棒头草 Polypogon fugax

3. Polypogon fugax Nees ex Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 184. 1854.

棒头草 bang tou cao

Nowodworskya fugax (Nees ex Steudel) Nevski; Poly-pogon demissus Steudel; P. higegaweri Steudel; P. littoralis var. higegaweri (Steudel) J. D. Hooker.

Annual, tufted. Culms geniculate, sometimes trailing and rooting at lower nodes, 10–75 cm tall. Leaf blades linear or broadly linear, 2.5–15 cm, 3–10 mm wide, scabrid or adaxial surface smooth, apex acute; ligule 3–8 mm. Panicle densely cylindrical, slightly lobed, or looser and narrowly ovate, 4–15 cm, pale green or flushed purple; branches narrowly ascending, up to 4 cm, bearing densely clustered spikelets. Spikelets narrowly oblong, 2–2.5 mm; glumes narrowly oblong, puberulous, vein scabrid-aculeate, margins shortly ciliate in lower half, apex emarginate, awned from sinus; awn shorter than or up to 1.5 times as long as glume body; lemma elliptic, 1–1.2 mm, apex slightly 4-toothed, midvein extended into a fine, straight, ca. 2 mm awn; palea as long as lemma. Stamens 3, anthers ca. 0.7 mm. Caryopsis elliptic, ca. 1 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr–Sep.

Moist places, near farmlands; 100–3600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, N India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; SW Asia; introduced elsewhere].

The names Polypogon littoralis Smith and P. lutosus (Poiret) Hitchcock have both been misapplied to this species. They are in fact synonyms of ×Agropogon lutosus.