《中国植物志》|| 葫芦科 CUCURBITACEAE ||南瓜属 Cucurbita Linn. ||南瓜 Cucurbita moschata (Duchesne ex Lam.) Duchesne ex Poir.

3. 南瓜（学圃杂疏）倭瓜，番瓜，饭瓜，番南瓜，北瓜 图版64: 1-7
Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poiret, Dict. Sc. Nat. 11: 234. 1818; Bailey, Gent. Herb. 2 (2): 103. 1929; Chakr. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 17 (1): 123. 1959; 中国高等植物图鉴4: 370, 图6154. 1975.——C. pepo L. var. moschata Duch. ex Lam., Encycl. 2: 152. 1786.
一年生蔓生草本；茎常节部生根，伸长达2-5米，密被白色短刚毛。叶柄粗壮，长8-19厘米，被短刚毛；叶片宽卵形或卵圆形，质稍柔软，有5角或5浅裂，稀钝，长12-25厘米，宽20-30厘米，侧裂片较小，中间裂片较大，三角形，上面密被黄白色刚毛和茸毛，常有白斑，叶脉隆起，各裂片之中脉常延伸至顶端，成一小尖头，背面色较淡，毛更明显，边缘有小而密的细齿，顶端稍钝。卷须稍粗壮，与叶柄一样被短刚毛和茸毛，3-5歧。雌雄同株。雄花单生；花萼筒钟形，长5-6毫米，裂片条形，长1-1.5厘米，被柔毛，上部扩大成叶状；花冠黄色，钟状，长8厘米，径6厘米，5中裂，裂片边缘反卷，具皱褶，先端急尖；雄蕊3，花丝腺体状，长5-8毫米，花药靠合，长15毫米，药室折曲。雌花单生；子房1室，花柱短，柱头3，膨大，顶端2裂。果梗粗壮，有棱和槽，长5-7厘米，瓜蒂扩大成喇叭状；瓠果形状多样，因品种而异，外面常有数条纵沟或无。种子多数，长卵形或长圆形，灰白色，边缘薄，长10-15毫米，宽7-10毫米。
原产墨西哥到中美洲一带，世界各地普遍栽培。明代传入我国，现南北各地广泛种植。
本种的果实作肴馔，亦可代粮食。全株各部又供药用，种子含南瓜子氨基酸，有清热除湿、驱虫的功效，对血吸虫有控制和杀灭的作用，藤有清热的作用，瓜蒂有安胎的功效，根治牙痛。

《云南植物志》|| 葫芦科 Cucurbitaceae nom. conserv. ||南瓜属 Cucurbita Linn. ||南瓜 Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poiret

1.南瓜（学圃杂疏）图版100，1—6
倭瓜、番瓜、饭瓜、番南瓜、北瓜、癞瓜、金冬瓜（云南种子植物名录）
Cucurbita moschata (Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poiret (1818); Ser. in DC. (1828); Naudin (1858); C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. (1879); Cogn. in DC. (1881); Bailey (1929), (1949); Craib (1931); Chakrav. (1946), (1959); Back. et Bakh. f. (1963); 海南植物志 (1964); "图鉴" (1975)*; Keraudren in Aubrév. et Leroy (1975); 吴征镒 (1984); 秦岭植物志 (1985); 路安民、张志耘 (1986)*.
Cucurbita pepo Linn. var. moschata Duch. ex Lam. (1786).
一年生蔓生草本，常借助于卷须攀援，长达5米。茎、枝粗壮，具纵棱槽，密被白色刚毛，节上常生根。叶片纸质，阔卵形或卵状圆形，长12—15厘米，宽20—30厘米，具5角或5浅裂，中裂片三角形，先端稍钝，边缘具小而密的细齿，基部心形，叶面绿色，密被黄白色刚毛和茸毛，有时具白斑，背面淡绿色，毛被更显著，掌状脉5条，背面隆起，常延伸达裂片先端，成一小尖头，细脉网状；叶柄粗壮，长8—18厘米，被短刚毛；卷须3—5歧，被短刚毛和茸毛。花单性，雌雄同株；雄花：单生叶腋，幼芽时呈簇生状；花萼筒钟形，长5—6毫米，5裂，裂片线形，长10—15毫米，上部扩大成叶状；花冠黄色，钟形，长8厘米，径6厘米，5中裂，裂片卵状三角形，先端急尖，边缘反卷，具皱褶；雄蕊3，花丝腺体状，长5—8毫米，花药靠合，长13—15毫米，药室折曲；雌花：单生，花梗短；花萼及花冠同雄花；子房长圆形或偏球形，1室，胚珠多数，水平生，花柱短，柱头3，膨大，顶端2裂。瓠果形状多种多样，常因品种而异，表面常有纵沟或无；果柄长5—7厘米，粗壮，具纵棱槽，瓜蒂扩大成喇叭形；种子多数，长卵形或长圆形，长10—15毫米，宽7—10毫米，灰白色，边缘薄。花期5—9月，果期8—10月。
云南和全国各地广泛栽培；原产美洲南部，世界各地普遍栽培。
果实和嫩芽可作菜蔬，果可代粮，种子含南瓜子氨基酸，入药，有清热除湿，驱虫的功效，对血吸虫有控制和杀灭的作用；茎有清热的功效；瓜蒂有安胎之功效；根治牙痛。

《Flora of China》|| Cucurbitaceae || Cucurbita ||南瓜 Cucurbita moschata

3. Cucurbita moschata Duchesne, Essai Hist. Nat. Courges. 7, 15-16. 1786.

南瓜 nan gua

Cucurbita pepo Linnaeus var. moschata (Duchesne) Duchesne.

Plants prostrate. Stem to 2-5 m, densely white setose. Petiole robust, 8-19 cm, setose; leaf blade broadly ovate or ovate-orbicular, 12-25 × 20-30 cm, 5-angled or 5-lobed; lobes triangular, adaxially yellow-white setose and velvety. Male calyx tube campanulate, 5-6 mm; segments linear, 1-1.5 cm, pubescent, enlarged or leaflike at apex; corolla campanulate, ca. 8 × 6 cm; segments with revolute margin, rugose, apex acute; stamens 3; filaments 5-8 mm, glandular; anthers connivent, ca. 15 mm. Ovary 1-locular; style short; stigma enlarged, 2-lobed. Fruiting pedicel robust, 5-7 cm, angular-sulcate, strongly enlarged at apex; fruit variable in shape, size, and color. Seeds numerous, gray-white, ovate or oblong, 10-15 × 7-10 mm, margin thickened. Fl. and fr. Apr-Nov.

Commonly cultivated throughout China [native to Central America; cultivated worldwide].

The fruit is used as a vegetable; the seeds are edible.

《Flora of North America》|| Cucurbitaceae || Cucurbita || Cucurbita moschata

8. Cucurbita moschata Duchesne, Essai Hist. Nat. Courges. 7, 15. 1786.
[I]

Butternut or Tahitian squash, golden cushaw, calabaza, neck or West Indian or Seminole or large cheese or Long Island cheese or Kentucky field or Dickinson pumpkin, Tennessee sweet potato Butternut or Tahitian squash, golden cushaw, calabaza, neck or West Indian or Seminole or large cheese or Long Island cheese or Kentucky field or Dickinson pumpkin, Tennessee sweet potato

Pepo moschata (Duchesne) Britton

Plants annual; roots taproots or fibrous. Stems creeping or climbing, rooting adventitiously at nodes, to 10+ m, villous-hirsute with mixture of longer, thick, vitreous hairs with conspicuous cross-walls and puberulent understory of much shorter hairs, without pustulate-based hairs; tendrils 3–5-branched 1.5–8 cm above base, glabrous, eglandular. Leaves: petiole 4–25(–40) cm, villous-hirsute with mixture of longer, thick, vitreous hairs with conspicuous cross-walls and puberulent understory of much shorter hairs, without pustulate-based hairs; blade sometimes white-mottled abaxially, suborbiculate to broadly ovate, depressed-ovate, or reniform, shallowly 3–5(–7)-lobed, 5–25 × (8–)10–25(–30) cm, broader than long, base cordate, lobes ovate to broadly triangular or broadly obovate, midveins of leaf lobes not distinctly elongate-whitened, margins closely serrate-denticulate or serrulate-apiculate to denticulate or mucronulate, surfaces densely hirsute to hirsutulous abaxially, less densely hairy adaxially, eglandular. Peduncles in fruit 5-ribbed, abruptly expanded at point of fruit attachment, hardened, woody. Flowers: hypanthium cupulate, 5–8 mm; sepals narrowly lanceolate, distally foliaceous, 15–25 mm; corolla yellow, tubular-campanulate, 5–7 cm; anther filaments glabrous or sparsely puberulent at base; ovary pubescent. Pepos evenly light or dark green or cream-speckled to evenly light or dark brown, speckled or not, or wholly white, globose or depressed-globose to ovoid, conic, cylindric, pyriform, or lageniform, 10–40(–120) cm, usually smooth or with rounded ribs, rarely with small, raised, wartlike spots, <flesh yellow to light or bright orange to greenish, lightly to very sweet>. Seeds whitish to cream or light brown with golden-yellow to silvery margins, ovate-elliptic to elliptic or obovate, 8–21 mm, margins raised-thickened, ± undulate, surface ± punctate-sculptured. 2n = 40.

Flowering May–Oct. Oak-pine woods, abandoned agricultural fields, roadsides, disturbed sites; 0–100 m; introduced; Fla., Ga., Ky., La., Miss., N.C., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va.; w South America; introduced also in Mexico, West Indies, Central America, elsewhere in South America (French Guiana, Guyana, Surinam), Pacific Islands (Galapagos Islands).

Cucurbita moschata is the primary squash of lowland, humid, tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. It seems likely that it occurs at least as a waif in more areas than indicated in currently available databases of invasive species.

Fruits of Cucurbita moschata, especially the cheese pumpkins, are favorites for making pumpkin pie. Compared to a Halloween “jack-o-lantern” (a “pepo” pumpkin), flesh of a Moschata pumpkin is more richly colored, higher in nutrients and sugars, and has a denser, smoother-grained flesh. The “cheese” name alludes to the pumpkin’s resemblance to a wheel of cheddar.

Cucurbita moschata has sometimes been cited as C. moschata (Duchesne ex Lamarck) Duchesne ex Poiret, based on C. pepo var. moschata Duchesne ex Lamarck, but the epithet appeared first at specific rank, slightly earlier than in the work by Lamarck.

The wild ancestor of Cucurbita moschata is unknown but mitochondrial DNA data combined with other information suggest that it will be found in lowland northern South America (O. I. Sanjur et al. 2002).