《中国植物志》|| 大戟科 EUPHORBIACEAE ||瘤果组 Sect. 9. Tulocarpa (Raf.) Prokh. ||大戟 Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr.

61.大戟（植物名实图考引神农本草经）京大戟（北京植物志，福建植物志），湖北大戟（湖北植物志）图版33：1-4
Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr. in Maxim. Prim. Fl. Amur. 239. 1859; Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 31. 1860; Forb. & Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot 26: 416. 1894; Levl. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2, 6: 764. 1906; Nakai, Fl. Kor. 2: 184. 1911; Dunn &. Tutcher in Kew Bull. Misc. Inform., add. ser. 10: 232. 1912; T. N. Liou in Contrib. Lab. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1 (1): 7. 1931; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 624.图2977. 1977; 东北草本植物志6: 42. fig. 16: 5-7. 1977; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 840. 1978; 湖北植物志2: 289.图1298. 1979; 内蒙古植物志4: 48.图23. 1979; 秦岭植物志1 (3): 159.图133. l98l; 江苏植物志2: 413.图1408. 1982, 云南种子植物名录1: 441. 1984, 北京植物志1: 529.图672. 1984; 河南植物志2: 488.图1404. 1986; 福建植物志3: 225.图 155. 1987; J. S. Ma ＆ C. Y. Wu in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 14 (4): 368, 1992; et in Collect. Bot. 21: 113. 1992. ——E. lasiocaula Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 15 (2): 1266. 1862; Franch. Pl. David. 1: 263. 1884; T. N. Liou in Contrib. Lab. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1 (1): 7. 1931. ——E. sampsonii Hance in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, Bot. 5: 240. 1866; Hand-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7 (2): 229. 1931. ——E. cavaleriei Levl. ＆ Van. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2, 6: 762. 1906.——E. labbei Levl. in Fed. Rep Sp. Nov. 12: 537. 1913. ——E. sinensis Jesson &. Turr. in Kew Bull. 1914: 329. 1914, non Safford 1905. ——E. lanceolata T. N Liou in Contrib. Lab. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 1 (1): 5. 1931, non Sprengel 1827 nec Heyne ex Roth 1821 nec Thilippi 1895 nec Larrannaga 1923. ——Tithymalus pekinensi s (Rupr.) Hara in Journ. Jap. Bot. 11 (5): 386. 1935. ——E. barbellata Hurusawa in Journ. Jap. Bot. 16: 5.71. 1940, non G. Engelmann 1858. ——E. imaii Hurusawa in Journ. Jap. Bot. 16: 576. 1940——E. pekinensis Rupr. var. hupehensis Hurusawa in Journ. Fac. Sc. Uinv. Tokyo 3, 6 (6): 641. 1954; 湖北植物志2: 389. 1979＆var. attenuata Hurusawa in Journ. Fac. Sc.Univ. Tokyo 3, 6 (6): 641 & 642. 1954. ——T. pekinensis (Rupr) Hara subsp. Lanceolatus (T. N. Liou) Hurusawa＆subsp. barbellatus (Hurusawa) Hurusawa in Journ. Fac. Sc. Uinv. Yokyo 3, 6 (6): 256 ＆ 257. 1954.——T. tchenngoi Sojak in Cas. Nar. Muz. Praha, 140 (3-4): 177. 1972. ——E. tchen-ngoi (Sojak) A. Radcliffe-Smith in Kew Bull. 26 (2): 216. 1981. ——E. hurusawae Oudejians in Phytologia 67 (1): 46. 1989. E. hurusawae Oudejians var. imaii (Hurusawa) Oudejians in Phytologia 67 (1): 46. 1989. ——E. jessonii Oudejians, World Cat. Euphorb. Geogr. Distrib. 5. 1990. ——E. pekinensis Rupr. var. sinensis (Hurusawa) Oudejians in Collect. Bot. 21: 187. 1992. ——E. pekinensis Rupr. f. sinensis Hurusawa in Journ. Jap. Bot. 16: 636. 1940.——E. pekinensis Rupr. var. lasiocaula (Boiss.) Oudejians in Collect. Bot. 21: 186. 1992. ——E. pekinensis Rupr. f. denudata (Hurusawa) Oudejians in Collect. Bot. 21: 186. 1992. ——E. imaii Hurusawa f. denudata Hurusawa in Journ. Jap. Bot. 16: 577. 1940. ——E. pekinensis Rupr. var. pseudolucorum (Hurusawa) Oudejians inCollect. Bot 21: 187. 1992. ——Euphorbia lasiocaula Boiss. var. pseudolucorum Hurusawa in Journ. Fac Sci. Unlv. Tokyo Bot. 6 (6): 267. 1954.
多年生草本。根圆柱状，长20-30厘米。直径6-14毫米，分枝或不分枝。茎单生或自基部多分枝，每个分枝上部又4-5分枝，高40-80 (90)厘米，直径3-6 (7)厘米，被柔毛或被少许柔毛或无毛。叶互生，常为椭圆形，少为披针形或披针状椭圆形，变异较大，先端尖或渐尖，基部渐狭或呈楔形或近圆形或近平截，边缘全缘；主脉明显，侧脉羽状，不明显，叶两面无毛或有时叶背具少许柔毛或被较密的柔毛，变化较大且不稳定；总苞叶4-7枚，长椭圆形，先端尖，基部近平截；伞幅4-7，长2-5厘米；苞叶2枚，近圆形，先端具短尖头，基部平截或近平截。花序单生于二歧分枝顶端，无柄；总苞杯状，高约3.5毫米，直径3.5-4.0毫米，边缘4裂，裂片半圆形，边缘具不明显的缘毛；腺体4，半圆形或肾状圆形，淡褐色。雄花多数，伸出总苞之外；雌花1枚，具较长的子房柄，柄长3-5 (6）毫米；子房幼时被较密的瘤状突起；花柱3，分离；柱头2裂。蒴果球状，长约4.5毫米，直径4.0-4.5毫米，被稀疏的瘤状突起，成熟时分裂为3个分果爿；花柱宿存且易脱落。种子长球状，长约2. 5毫米，直径1.5-2.0毫米，暗褐色或微光亮，腹面具浅色条纹；种阜近盾状，无柄。花期5-8月，果期6-9月。
广布于全国（除台湾、云南、西藏和新疆），北方尤为普遍。生于山坡、灌丛、路旁、荒地、草丛、林缘和疏林内。分布于朝鲜和日本。模式标本采自北京附近。
根入药，逐水通便，消肿散结，主治水肿，并有通经之效；亦可作兽药用；有毒，宜慎用。

《云南植物志》|| 大戟科 Euphorbiaceae ||乳浆大戟亚属 Subgen. Esula. Pers. ||大戟 Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr.

23. 大戟（植物名实图考）图版69: 5-9
京大戟（北京植物志），湖北大戟（湖北植物志）
Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr. (1859); 图鉴 (1972)*; 云南种子植物名录 (1984); J. S. Ma et C. Y. Wu (1992); 中国植物志 (1997)*.
多年生草本。茎上部多分枝，高40-80厘米，被柔毛或无毛。叶互生，叶片椭圆形，少为披针形或披针状椭圆形，变异较大，先端尖或渐尖，基部渐狭或呈楔形或近圆形或近截平，全缘，两面被柔毛至无毛；总苞叶4-7枚，同茎生叶；伞幅4-7，长2-5厘米；苞叶2枚，近圆形，先端具短尖头，基部截平或近截平。花序单生于二歧分枝顶端，无柄；总苞杯状，高与直径约3.5毫米，边缘4裂，裂片半圆形，边缘具不明显的缘毛；腺体4，半圆形或圆肾形，淡褐色；雄花多数。伸出总苞之外；雌花：子房柄较长，长3-6毫米，明显伸出总苞之外，子房密被疣；花柱分离，柱头2裂。蒴果球状，直径约4.5毫米，被稀疏的瘤状突起。种子长球状，长约2.5毫米，直径1.5-2毫米，暗褐色或微光亮，腹面具浅色条纹；种阜近盾状，无柄。花期5-8月，果期6-9月。
昆明有栽培；分布于我国广大地区，在北方极为普遍。日本和朝鲜也有。
根入药，逐水通便、消肿散结，主治水肿，并有通经之效；亦可作兽药。但有毒，宜慎用。

《Flora of China》|| Euphorbiaceae || Euphorbia ||大戟 Euphorbia pekinensis

62. Euphorbia pekinensis Ruprecht in Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur. 239. 1859.

大戟 da ji

Euphorbia barbellata Hurusawa; E. cavaleriei H. Léveillé & Vaniot; E. hurusawae Oudejans; E. hurusawae var. imaii (Hurusawa) Oudejans; E. imaii Hurusawa; E. jesonii Oudejans; E. kitagawae (Hurusawa) Kitagawa; E. labbei H. Léveillé; E. lanceolata T. N. Liou; E. lasiocaula Boissier; E. lasiocaula var. pseudolucorum Hurusawa; E. sinensis Jesson; E. sampsonii Hance; E. tchen-ngoi (Soják) Radcliffe-Smith; E. virgata Waldstein & Kitaibel var. kitagawae Hurusawa; Tithymalus tchen-ngoi Soják.

Herbs, perennial, 40-80(-90) cm tall. Rootstock vertical, cylindric, 20-30 cm × 6-14 mm thick, sometimes branched. Stems single or clustered, 3-6(-7) mm thick, upper parts 4- or 5-branched, pilose or glabrous. Leaves alternate; stipules absent; petiole absent or nearly so; leaf blade very variable, usually elliptic, occasionally lanceolate, narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, rarely linear, 3-7(-9.5) × 0.7-1.7(-2.4) cm, both surfaces glabrous or abaxially pilose or pubescent, base subrounded or subtruncate for lower leaves, attenuate for upper leaves, margin entire or serrulate, apex acuminate or acute; midrib raised abaxially, often grooved adaxially, lateral veins inconspicuous, much varied. Inflorescence usually a terminal compound pseudumbel, sometimes much branched, sometimes with slender long pedunculate cymes or pseudumbels from axils below; primary involucral leaves 4-7(-16), leaflike but shorter, narrowly elliptic, base rounded, apex acute, primary rays 4-7, 2-5 cm; cyathophylls 2, base ± truncate, apex subrounded with micro-tip. Cyathium sessile; involucre cuplike, ca. 3.5 × 3.5-4 mm, lobes rounded, irregularly ciliate; glands 4, pale brown, rounded or reniform-rounded, entire. Male flowers many, exserted from involucre. Female flower: ovary pedicel 3-5(-6) mm, exserted from cup; ovary densely tuberculate; styles free, persistent but easily fallen; style arms 2-lobed. Capsule globose, ca. 4.5 × 4-4.5 mm, sparsely tuberculate. Seeds long globose, ca. 2.5 × 1.5-2 mm, dark brown or slightly shiny, adaxially slightly colored striate; caruncle subpeltate, sessile. Fl. May-Aug.

Slopes, scrub, roadsides, fields, grasslands, steppes, sparse forests; common. Throughout China except Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Japan, Korea].

Euphorbia pekinensis is the most variable species in China, especially on indumentum, and requires much more extensive study.

The root is used medicinally.