《云南植物志》|| 马钱科 Loganiaceae ||马钱科 Loganiaceae ||醉鱼草属 Buddleja Linn.
7.醉鱼草属 Buddleja Linn.
多为灌木,少有乔木或亚灌木。枝圆柱形或四棱形,后者有时具翅。叶对生,稀互生、簇生或散生,通常具腺毛、具柄的星状毛和叉状毛,叶背尤密,全缘或有锯齿;在叶柄基部具有耳状、叶状托叶或在叶柄间退化成线状之托叶痕。顶生或腋生总状花序或穗状花序,再排成聚伞花序或圆锥花序,有时成假轮生,一般长而多花,密被具柄的星状毛;苞片线形。花4数,花萼合生,外面通常密被星状毛,内部光滑或有毛;花冠管状或漏斗状,直立或弯曲,外面被毛或光滑,有时并具有金黄色腺点,里面被散生柔毛或光滑,花冠裂片在芽内覆瓦状排列;雄蕊着生于花管壁上;花药近无柄,基部着生,内向,大部内藏;子房2室,胚珠多数,柱头头状或棒状,顶端二浅裂。蒴果室间开裂;种子多数,细小,两端具尾状翅;胚乳肉质,胚劲直。
约100种,产世界热带和亚热带,东亚尤盛。我国约有40种,14个变种。产山西,河南、内蒙古、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、青海、浙江、江苏、湖北、湖南、江西、福建、广西、广东、贵州、四川、云南、西藏与台湾。云南有23种和7变种。
本属一些种类可做药用。
醉鱼草属是一个很特殊的分类群。茎内不存在内韧皮部,也不存在乳管组织并具有腺状、叉状和具柄的星状毛。叶一般有齿或分裂,托叶通常退化成一条连结二个叶柄的托叶痕;花一般4数。据此,对这属的系统位置,颇有争论。归纳起来,有二种主张。一种是将它放入玄参科内,目前,特别为一些德国学者所赞同。另一种则主张将它放入马钱科。我们赞同Solereder(1897)的意见,即将该属及其近缘属做为一个亚科放在马钱科内。其属名的书写形式,不同学者有不同拼法,我们采用原始拼法Buddleja。
Source 中国植物物种信息数据库
《中国植物志》|| 马钱科 LOGANIACEAE, nom. conserv. ||醉鱼草族 Trib. BUDDLEJEAE ||醉鱼草属 Buddleja (Buddleia auct.) Linn.
8. 醉鱼草属——Buddleja (Buddleia auct.) Linn.
Linn. Sp. Pl. 112. 1753; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2:793. 1876; Soler, in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): 46. 1892; Gagnep. Not. Syst. 2: 182. 1912; Marq. in Kew Bull. 1930: 177. 1930; Leenhouts in Fl. Malesiana Ser. 1, 6 (2): 336. 1962; Leeuwenberg in Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 79-6: 5. 1979: Leeuwenberg & Leenhouts in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 28bI: 67. 1980; P. T. Li in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4(3): 229. 1982.
多为灌木,少有乔木和亚灌木或亚灌木状草本;植株通常被腺毛、星状毛或叉状毛。枝条通常对生,圆柱形或四棱形,棱上通常具窄翅。单叶对生,稀互生或簇生,全缘或有锯齿;羽状脉;叶柄通常短;托叶着生在两叶柄基部之间,呈叶状、耳状或半圆形,或退化成线状的托叶痕。花多朵组成圆锥状、穗状、总状或头状的聚伞花序;花序1至几枝腋生或顶生,稀腋上生或腋下生;苞片线形;花4数;花萼钟状,外面通常密被星状毛,内面光滑或有毛;花冠高脚碟状或钟状,外面被毛或光滑,有时并且有小腺体,内面通常被星状毛,花冠管圆筒形,直立或弯曲,花冠裂片辐射对称,在花蕾时为覆瓦状排列,稀镊合状排列;雄蕊着生于花冠管内壁上,与花冠裂片互生,花丝极短,花药内向,2室,基部常2裂,通常内藏;子房2室,稀4室,每室有胚珠多颗,胚珠着生于中轴胎座上,胎座增厚,花柱丝状或缩短,柱头头状、圆锥状或棍棒状,顶端通常2浅裂。蒴果,室间开裂或浆果,不开裂;种子多颗,细小,两端或一端有翅,稀光滑无翅;胚乳肉质;胚直立。染色体基数x=19。
本属模式种:美洲醉鱼草Buddleja americana Linn.
约100种,分布于美洲、非洲和亚洲的热带至温带地区。我国产29种,4变种,除东北地区及新疆外,几乎全国各省区均有。
本属一些种类可供药用和观赏。
Source 中国植物物种信息数据库
《Flora of China》|| Loganiaceae || ||醉鱼草属 Buddleja
7. Buddleja Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 112. 1753.
醉鱼草属 zui yu cao shu
Shrubs, less often trees, lianas, or suffrutescent herbs. Branches terete, 4-angled, or 4-winged. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate; stipules usually leafy, suborbicular and auriculate or reduced to a transverse line; petiole often short; leaf blade margin entire, crenate, or dentate. Inflorescences terminal and/or axillary, usually many-flowered; bracts mostly leaflike; bracteoles resembling sepals. Flowers 4-merous, bisexual or unisexual. Calyx campanulate or subcampanulate, less often cup-shaped or obconical, tube usually longer than lobes. Corolla campanulate, cup-shaped, salverform, or funnel-shaped; tube cylindrical, straight to curved, usually longer than lobes; lobes imbricate, rarely valvate. Stamens inserted on corolla tube, usually included, alternating with corolla lobes; filaments shorter to longer than anthers; anthers introrse, 2-locular, base usually deeply cordate. Ovary 2(--4)-locular, with several to many ovules per locule. Style short to long; stigma often large, clavate, capitate, or less often 2-lobed. Fruit a septicidally 2-valved capsule or in China only Buddleja madagascariensis a berry, many-seeded. Seeds small, often winged; endosperm fleshy; embryo straight.
About 100 species: tropics and subtropics of America, Africa, and Asia; 20 species and five hybrids in China.
Within China at least five recognizable hybrids are occasionally found of which three have been given hybrid epithets. These hybrids are intermediate between parental species and
are essentially impossible to key out.
Source eFloras.org