《中国植物志》|| 瓶尔小草科 OPHIOGLOSSACEAE ||瓶尔小草属 Ophioglossum Linn. ||瓶尔小草 Ophioglossum vulgatum L.

3. 瓶尔小草（中国主要植物图说，蕨类植物门）图版I, 4．
Ophioglossum vulgatum Linn. Sp. II (1753) 1062; Schk. Krypt. Clew. (1804) t. 153: Hook et Bauer, Gen. Fil. (1842) t. 59 B; Hook. Brit. Ferns (1861) tt. 46, 47: Hook. et Bak. Syn. Fil. (1874) 445, pro parte; Prantl in Jahrb. Bot. Gard. u. Mus. Berl. III (1884) 328, t. 7, f. 12, 16; Christ, Farnkr. d. Erde (1897) 363; Diels in Engl. u . Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. I, iv (1899) 467; C. Chr. Ind. Fil. (1905) 472; Brit. & Br. Illustr. Fl. North. U: S. I (1913) 2. f. 1; Fomin in Busch. Fl. Sibir. et Orient. Extr. V (1930) 201; Kom. et Alis, Key to Pl. Far East. Reg. URSS. (1931) 99; Fomin in Kom. Fl. URSS. I(1934)93; Kitag. Lineam. Fl. Mansh. (1939) 25; H. Ito, Fil. Jap. Illustr. (1944) t. 501; DeVol, Ferns East Centr. China in Notes Bot. Chin. Mus. Heude No. 7 (1945) 49; 傅书遐, 中国主要植物图说（蕨类植物门)(1957)16页; 王薇等, 东北草本植物志, 第一卷(1958) 19页——Ophioglossum nipponicum Miyabe et Kudo in Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. VI (1916)122.
根状茎短而直立，具一簇肉质粗根，如匍匐茎一样向四面横走，生出新植物。叶通常单生，总叶柄长6-9厘米，深埋土中，下半部为灰白色，较粗大。营养叶为卵状长圆形或狭卵形，长4-6厘米，宽1.5-2.4厘米，先端钝圆或急尖，基部急剧变狭并稍下延，无柄，微肉质到草质，全缘，网状脉明显。孢子叶长9-18厘米或更长，较粗健，自营养叶基部生出，孢子穗长2.5-3.5，宽约2毫米，先端尖，远超出于营养叶之上。
产长江下游各省、湖北、四川、陕西南部、贵州、云南、台湾及西藏。生林下，垂直分布高达3000米。欧洲、亚洲、美洲等地广泛分布。
可供药用。

《云南植物志》|| 瓶尔小草科 Ophioglossaceae ||瓶尔小草属 Ophioglossum L. ||瓶尔小草 Ophioglossum vulgatum L.

6. 瓶尔小草（植物名实图考）
Ophioglossum vulgatum L. (1753); 中国主要植物图说 蕨类植物门 (1954); 中国植物志 (1959)*; 图鉴 (1972)*; 福建植物志 (1982); 四川植物志 (1988)*; 江西植物志 (1993)*; 浙江植物志 (1993)*; 贵州蕨类植物志 (2001); 香港植物志 蕨类植物门 (2003)*.
根状茎短而直立，具肉质粗根；叶单生。总叶柄长1.5—20.5厘米，深埋于土中的下半部呈灰白色至白色。不育叶卵形或卵状长圆形，长1—12厘米，宽0.5—6.5厘米，先端钝或急尖，基部渐狭下沿，无柄，边缘全缘。叶脉网状。叶草质或近肉质。能育叶自不育叶基部生出，柄长1—22厘米，孢子囊穗长1—9厘米，远超过不育叶。孢子极面观为圆形或近圆形，赤道面观半圆形，外壁具网状纹饰。染色体数目n=240。
产于昆明、石林、丽江、香格里拉、德钦；生于草坡阳处，海拔1800—3350米。西藏、四川、贵州、长江中下游各省区及陕西、河南甘肃、吉林也有。北半球温带地区广布。
全株药用，清热解毒，治毒蛇咬伤、疥疮感染、疔疮肿毒、感冒发热、湿热腹痛、胃痛等症。

《Flora of China》|| Ophioglossaceae || Ophioglossum ||瓶尔小草 Ophioglossum vulgatum

2. Ophioglossum vulgatum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1062. 1753.

瓶尔小草 ping er xiao cao

Plants 10-30 cm tall. Rhizomes erect, bearing a cluster of fleshy roots; roots extending horizontally and stolonlike. Fronds usually single; common stalk pale at lower part, 6-9 cm, slightly robust, deeply buried underground. Sterile lamina sessile, elliptic or narrowly ovate, rarely ovate, 6-10 × 1.5-4 cm, slightly fleshy to herbaceous, base cuneate, truncate, or rounded, sometimes abruptly narrowed, margin entire, apex obtuse or abruptly acute; veins distinctly reticulate. Sporophore arising from base of sterile lamina, 9-18 cm or longer; spike 2.5-3.5 cm, ca. 0.2 mm in diam., apex acute, exceeding sterile lamina. Spore surface obviously and coarsely reticulate. 2n = 240-1140.

Shaded forests, wet meadows; below 3000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Japan, Korea, Sri Lanka; Australia, Europe, North America].

《Flora of North America》|| Ophioglossaceae || Ophioglossum || Ophioglossum vulgatum

7. Ophioglossum vulgatum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1062. 1753.

Southern adder"s-tongue, herbe sans couture

Ophioglossum pycnostichum (Fernald) A.Löve & D.Löve; O. vulgatum var. pycnostichum Fernald

Roots to 20 per plant, 0.3-0.9 mm diam., producing proliferations. Stem upright, to 1 cm, 3 mm diam., leaves 1 per stem. Trophophore stalk formed abruptly at base, to 5mm, sometimes more, 0.05 times length of trophophore blade. Trophophore blade erect to spreading, usually plane when alive, dark green, somewhat shiny, mostly ovate to ovate-trowel-shaped, widest in proximal half, to 10 × 4cm, firm, herbaceous, base tapering abruptly, apex rounded; venation complex-reticulate with included free veinlets in areoles. Sporophores arising at ground level, stalk 2-4 times length of trophophore; sporangial clusters 20-40 × 1-4 mm, with 10-35 pairs of sporangia, apiculum 1-1.5mm. 2 n =ca.1320.

Leaves appearing spring-early summer. Shaded secondary woods, rich wooded slopes, forested bottomlands, and floodplain woods, south of Wisconsin glaciation; 0-800m; Ala., Ariz., Ark., Del., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Ky., La., Mich., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va.; Mexico; Eurasia.

In addition to characteristics given in the key, Ophioglossum vulgatum differs from O . pusillum in having an unusually persistent leathery basal leaf sheath (B.W. McAlpin 1971; W.H. Wagner Jr. 1971b) rather than an ephemeral one and in having smaller spores (mostly 35-45µm in O . vulgatum compared with 50-60 µm in O . pusillum ). The chromosome number of O . vulgatum in India and Europe has been reported as 2 n =480, and that may be the number of most North America populations, which are small spored. In the Appalachians, however, a distinctive large-spored form has a chromosome number of 2 n =ca. 1320.