《中国植物志》|| 天南星科 ARACEAE ||花南星组 Sect. Pistillata Engl. ||花南星 Arisaema lobatum Engl.
35.花南星(四川)蛇芋头、大麦冬,狼毒(湖北鹤丰),蛇磨芋、天南星(湖北均县、利川、恩施),南星七、绿南星、白南星、半边莲、虎爪南星、狗爪南星(湖北巴东),独脚莲(广西龙胜),虎芋(贵州兴义),麻芋子(四川天全),血理箭(四川武隆),大半夏、芋儿南星(四川北川),蛇杵棒(四川宝兴)、黑南星(四川洪雅),南星(四川广原),虎掌(四川洪溪),狗爪半夏(四川黑水),蛇包谷(四川南川),花包谷、红包谷、大麻芋子、烂屁股(四川峨眉)。
Arisaema lobatum Engl. in Engl. , Bot. Jahrb. 1: 487. 1811; Franch. , Pl. David. 2: 138. 1888; N. E. Brown in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 178. 1903; Engl. in Engl., Pflanzenr. 73 (4, 23F): 202, fig. 46. 1920. ——A. lobatum var a. rosthornianum Engl. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. 29: 235. 1901, 36: 11. 1905, in Engl. , Pflanzenr. 73 (4, 23F): 202. 1920; N. E. Brown in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 178. 1903; Krause in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 12: 314. 1922; Hand. -Mazt., Symb. Sin. 7: 1366. 1936. ——A. pictum. N. E. Brown in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 29: 321. 1892. ——A. lobatum var. b. latisectum Engl. in Engl. , Pflanzenr. 73 (4, 23F) : 202. 1920.
块茎近球形,直径1-4厘米。鳞叶膜质,线状披针形,最上的长12-15厘米,先端锐尖或钝,叶1或2,叶柄长17-35厘米,下部1/2-2/3具鞘,黄绿色,有紫色斑块,形如花蛇;叶片3全裂,中裂片具1.5-5厘米长的柄,长圆形或椭圆形,基部狭楔形或钝,长8-22厘米,宽4-10厘米;侧裂片无柄,极不对称,长圆形,外侧宽为内侧的2倍,下部1/3具宽耳,长5-23厘米,宽2-8厘米;均渐尖或骤狭渐尖、锐尖;侧脉脉距约1厘米,集合脉距边缘5毫米。花序柄与叶柄近等长,常较短。佛焰苞外面淡紫色,管部漏斗状,长4-7厘米,上部粗1-2.5厘米,喉部无耳,斜截形,略外卷或否,骤狭为檐部;檐部披针形,狭渐尖,长4-7厘米,有时具长2-3厘米的尾尖,宽2.5-3厘米,深紫色或绿色,下弯或垂立。肉穗花序单性,雄花序长1.5-2.5厘米,花疏;雌花序圆柱形或近球形,长1-2厘米;各附属器具长6毫米的细柄(粗约1毫米),基部截形,粗4-6毫米,向中部稍收缩,向上又增粗为棒状,先端钝圆,长4-5厘米,直立。雄花具短柄,花药2-3,药室卵圆形,青紫色,顶孔纵裂。子房倒卵圆形,钝,柱头无柄。浆果有种子3枚。花期4-7月,果期8-9月。
我国特有,产云南、贵州、四川、甘肃、陕西、广西、湖南、湖北、河南、江西、浙江、安徽等省区,以四川为最普遍,南至南岭山脉,北至黄河,海拔600-3300米(云南),生于林下、草坡或荒地。模式标本采自四川南川。
块茎入药,陕西用以代天南星,四川有的用作箭毒药。草医常用于治吹风蛇(眼睛蛇)咬伤,也可外包治疟疾。
数据来源 中国植物物种信息数据库
《云南植物志》|| 天南星科 Araceae ||花南星组 Sect. Pistillata Engl. ||花南星 Arisaema lobatum Engl.
24.花南星(四川)
金半夏(腾冲),大麻芋子、烂屁股(峨山),虎芋、血理箭、黑南星(贵州),大半夏、芋儿南星、绿南星、小天南星、虎掌、狗爪半夏、蛇包谷(四川)
Arisaema lobatum Engl. (1881, 1920); Frnach. (1888); N. E. Brown (1903); Engl. (1920*).
Arisaema lobatum var. a. rosthornianum Engl. (1905, 1920); N. E. Brown (1903); Krause in Limpricht (1922); Hand.-Mazz. (1936). Arisaema pictum N. E. Brown (1892). A. lobatum var. b. latisectum Engl. (1920).
雌雄异株。块茎近球形,直径1—4厘米。鳞叶膜质,线状披针形,最内的长12—15厘米,先端锐尖或钝。叶1—2,柄长17—35厘米,下部1/2-2/3鞘状,黄绿色,有紫色斑块;叶片3全裂,中裂片具长1.5—5厘米的柄,长圆形或椭圆形,稀卵圆形,基部狭楔形或钝圆,长8—22厘米,宽4—10厘米;侧裂片无柄;极不对称,长圆形,外侧宽为内侧的2倍,下部1/3具宽耳,长5-23厘米,宽2—8厘米,向基部扩大;均渐尖或骤狭渐尖、锐尖;侧脉脉距约1厘米,集合脉距边缘5毫米。花序柄与叶柄近等长或短,长为叶柄的2/3。佛焰苞外面淡紫色:管部漏斗状,长约4-7厘米,上部直径1-2.5厘米,喉部斜截形,无耳,略外卷或否,骤狭为檐部;檐部披针形,狭渐尖,长4—6(-7)厘米,有时具长2—3厘米的尾尖,宽2.5—3厘米,深紫色或绿色,下弯或近直立。肉穗花序单性:雄花序长1.5-2.5厘米,花疏;雌花序圆柱形或近球形,长1-2厘米;附属器具长6毫米的细柄(粗约1毫米),基部截形,粗4—6毫米,向中部稍收缩,至上部又增粗为棒状,先端钝圆,长4—5厘米,直立。雄花具短柄,花药2—3,药室卵圆形,青紫色,顶孔纵裂。子房倒卵圆形,钝,柱头无柄。浆果有种子3枚。花期6—7月,果8—9月成熟。
产德钦、贡山、维西、中甸、宁蒗、鹤庆、漾濞、景东、云龙、大理、昭通、绥江。海拔600—3300米,生长于林下,草坡或荒地。分布于南岭山脉以北、黄河以南,西南至四川西部及云南。
块茎入药,陕西用以代天南星;四川用作箭毒药。草医常用于治吹风蛇(眼镜蛇)咬伤,外包治疟疾。
数据来源 中国植物物种信息数据库
《Flora of China》|| Araceae || Arisaema ||花南星 Arisaema lobatum
60. Arisaema lobatum Engler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1: 487. 1881.
花南星 hua nan xing
Arisaema lobatum var. latisectum Engler; A. lobatum var. rosthornianum Engler; A. onoticum Buchet; A. pictum N. E. Brown ex Hemsley.
Plants dioecious. Tuber bluish green outside, globose, 2-4 cm in diam. Cataphylls 3, brown, usually with reddish spots, 15-20 cm, apex acute or obtuse. Leaves 1 or 2; petiole greenish or olive-green with purple spots, 17-35 cm, proximal 1/3-1/2 sheathing into pseudostem; leaf blade 3-foliolate, pale greenish with pink raised veins abaxially, green with pale green veins adaxially; central leaflet with petiolule 1.5-5 cm, blade oblong or elliptic, 8-22 × 4-10 cm, base narrowly attenuate or obtuse, apex acuminate; lateral leaflets sessile, oblique, oblong, 3-23 × 2-8 cm, outer base auriculate and rounded. Inflorescence unfolded before leaves; peduncle nearly as long as petiole, but usually shorter. Spathe pale purplish or pale olive-green with purple stripes; tube funnelform, 4-7 × 1-2.5 cm, throat not auriculate, obliquely truncate, narrowly recurved or not; limb incurved or nearly erect, usually with whitish stripes inside, broadly lanceolate or ovate, 4-7 × 2.5-3 cm, constricted to base, apex acuminate, usually with a tail 3-5 cm. Spadix unisexual; female zone cylindric or subglobose, 1-2 cm; ovary green, obovoid; style short; stigma disciform; male zone cylindric, 1.5-2.5 cm; synandria lax; anthers 2 or 3, stipitate; thecae violet, ovoid, dehiscing by apical pore. Appendix erect, pale green to whitish green, cylindric, middle slightly constricted, base truncate and stipitate, apex obtuse; stipe 6-8 mm. Infructescence nodding. Fl. Apr-Jul. 2n = 28*, 56*, 84*.
● Forests, thickets, grassy slopes; 600-3300 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
数据来源 eFloras.org