中文
Ethnobotany of China

KINGDOM:Plantae || PHYLUM:Tracheophyta || CLASS:Magnoliopsida || ORDER:Caryophyllales || FAMILY:苋科 Amaranthaceae || GENUS: 牛膝属 Achyranthes

牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata Blume

Accepted name Achyranthes bidentata Blume (Amaranthaceae) WCVP · exact match
Catalogue of Life China 牛膝
Flora treatments

《中国植物志》|| 苋科 AMARANTHACEAE ||牛膝属 Achyranthes L. ||牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata Blume

2.牛膝 图版50: 1-5
Achyranthes bidentata Blume, Bijdr. 545. 1825; Moq. in DC. Prodr. 13 (2): 312. 1849; Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5: t. 1779. 1852; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 730. 1885;中国北部植物图志4. 25. pl. 11. 1935; Gagn. in Lecte. Fl. Gener. Indo-Chine 4: 1072. 1936; Vassi. in Fl. URSS 6: 367. Pl. 18. f. 13 a-e. 1936;中国药用植物志1: f. 12. 1939; Baecker in Van Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4: 88. 1949;江苏南部种子植物手册249. f. 391. 1959; 中药志1: 82.彩图6. 1959;北京植物志, 上册, 234. f. 179. 1962;海南植物志1: 408. f. 218. 1964; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 608. f. 1216. 1972; 秦岭植物志1 (2): 179. f. 152. 1974.
多年生草本,高70-120厘米;根圆柱形,直径5-10毫米,土黄色;茎有棱角或四方形,绿色或带紫色,有白色贴生或开展柔毛,或近无毛,分枝对生。叶片椭圆形或椭圆披针形,少数倒披针形,长4.5-12厘米,宽2-7.5厘米,顶端尾尖,尖长5-10毫米,基部楔形或宽楔形,两面有贴生或开展柔毛;叶柄长5-30毫米,有柔毛。穗状花序顶生及腋生,长3-5厘米,花期后反折;总花梗长1-2厘米,有白色柔毛;花多数,密生,长5毫米;苞片宽卵形,长2-3毫米,顶端长渐尖;小苞片刺状,长2.5-3毫米,顶端弯曲,基部两侧各有1卵形膜质小裂片,长约1毫米; 花被片披针形,长3-5毫米,光亮,顶端急尖,有1中脉;雄蕊长2-2.5毫米;退化雄蕊顶端平圆,稍有缺刻状细锯齿。胞果矩圆形,长2-2.5毫米,黄褐色,光滑。种子矩圆形,长1毫米,黄褐色。花期7-9月,果期9-10月。
除东北外全国广布。生于山坡林下,海拔200-1750米。朝鲜、苏联、印度、越南、菲律宾、马来西亚、非洲均有分布。
根入药,生用,活血通经;治产后腹痛,月经不调,闭经,鼻衄,虚火牙痛,脚气水肿;熟用,补肝肾,强腰膝;治腰膝酸痛,肝肾亏虚,跌打瘀痛。兽医用作治牛软脚症,跌伤断骨等。
小叶牛膝Achyranthes ogatai Yamamoto, Suppl. Icon. Formos. 3: 23. f. 9. 1927, 和牛膝相近,但叶较小,披针形,少数卵形,长3-5.5厘米,宽1.5-2厘米。模式标本产台湾台北乌来山,绪方正资于1924年12月采。牛膝叶片的形状、大小变化很大,本种可视为牛膝的异名。著者未见标本,暂记于此,以待进一步研究。


Source 中国植物物种信息数据库

Economic plants
Medicinal plants
根入药,为利尿、强精、通经药;治脚气、关节炎,使腰脚筋强健;对打扑刀伤,淋疾,腹痛等有缓和疼痛之效。
根可治牛软脚症,跌伤断骨,斑疹转软脚症,牛不吃草而反刍,并可治牛马胎衣不下及偻麻斯质症。
全株又可作土农药(见“土农药类”,2025页)。
[中国经济植物志53. 牛膝 ( qingxiang )]

Botanical pesticides
牛膝全植株均可杀虫及防治植病。常用的几种配制方法和防治对象如下:
1.将牛膝根叶捣烂取汁,可治棉蚜虫,猿叶虫和螟虫。
2.牛膝1公斤,加水10公斤,其浸出液,对小麦秆锈病菌夏孢子发芽抑制效果为70~80%。20倍水浸液对马铃薯晚疫病菌孢子发芽有显著抑制作用。
[中国经济植物志5. 牛膝 ( niuxi )]


Plant use records
Chinese name Vernacular name Plant Ethnic group Use Source
牛膝茎叶 牛膝茎叶 牛膝茎叶 Achyranthes bidentata Bl. Medicinal 中华本草
牛膝茎叶 牛膝茎叶 牛膝茎叶 Achyranthes bidentata B Medicinal 中华本草
牛膝 牛膝 牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata B Medicinal 中华本草
牛膝 牛膝 牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata Bl. Medicinal 中华本草
牛膝 牛膝 牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata Bl. Dai Ethnomedicinal 中华本草
牛膝 牛膝 牛膝 Achyranthes bidentata B Dai Ethnomedicinal 中华本草


Historical formulas containing this species
Use in historical formulas by period (3970 formulas in total)
Use in historical formulas by periodPre-Qin: 0Pre-QinHan: 55HanWei–Jin & N–S: 1010Wei–Jin& N–SSui–Tang & Five Dynasties: 246246Sui–Tang& Five DynastiesSong: 19941994SongJin–Yuan: 115115Jin–YuanMing: 838838MingQing: 762762Qing




Wild economic plants of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (field survey)
Plant name Local name Family Life form Part used Folk use Voucher Locality Ethnic group Region
Achyranthes bidentata Blume zur-lug-chu-rtse Amaranthaceae Herb Root KUN-ETM-1953,5908 Mêdog Tibetan Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon

Research papers
Title Authors Journal Date
NEW ENDOPHYTIC ASCOMYCETE ASSOCIATED WITH THE MEDICINAL PLANT, ACHYRANTHES BIDENTATA BLUME (AMARANTHACEAE) Sun, Bing-Da; Chen, Amanda-Juan; Gao, Wei-Wei; Zhou, Yu-Guang; Ghazanfar, M. Usman; Wakil, Waqas PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY FEB 2013
Evaluation of oral toxicity and genotoxicity of Achyranthis Radix extract Hyun, Soo-Wang; Lee, Tae Gu; Song, Su Jeong; Kim, Chan-Sik JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY JUN 28 2021
Deciphering the metabolic profile and pharmacological mechanisms of Achyranthes bidentata blume saponins using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with network pharmacology-based investigation Fu, Jun; Wu, Huan; Wu, Hong; Deng, Ran; Sun, Minghui JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY JUN 28 2021
Integrated metallomic and metabolomic profiling of plasma and tissues provides deep insights into the protective effect of raw and salt-processed Achyranthes bidentata Blume extract in ovariectomia rats Tao, Yi; Huang, Surun; Yan, Jizhong; Li, Weidong; Cai, Baochang JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY APR 24 2019
Astragalus propinquus Schischkin and Panax notoginseng (A&P) compound relieved cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through inhibiting the mincle maintained macrophage inflammation Diao Hui; Tan Rui-Zhi; Li Jian-Chun; Zhong Xia; Wen Dan; Fan Jun-Ming; Wang Li JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY APR 24 2020
Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of a novel fructan from Achyranthes bidentata Blume, a famous medicinal plant in China Wang, Changsheng; Hua, Dehong; Yan, Chunyan INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS AUG 2015
One Family and Three Genera Newly Recorded of Herbaceous Plants in Northeast China Wang Meng; Zhang Shumei; Li Dingnan Chinese Wild Plant Resources 2019
Screening of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen expression inducers from Chinese medicinal herbs and plants. Zeng, Y; Zhong, J M; Ye, S Q; Ni, Z Y; Miao, X Q; Mo, Y K; Li, Z L Biomedical and environmental sciences : BES 1994-Mar
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