《中国植物志》|| 酢浆草科 OXALIDACEAE ||酢浆草属 Oxalis L. ||酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata L.

4.酢浆草（唐本草）酸味草（广州）、鸠酸（唐本草）、酸醋酱（河南）
Oxalis corniculata L. Sp. Pl. 435. 1753; DC. Prodr. 1: 692. 1824; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 56. 1861; Edgew. et Hook. f. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 436. 1874; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 617. 1933. Gorschk. in Schischk. et Bobr. Fl. URSS 14: 77. 1949;中国高等植物图鉴2: 518. 图2765. 1972;东北草本植物志6: 1. 1977;福建植物志2, 341. 1985; 西藏植物志3: 1. 1986; 横断山区维管植物1: 1020. 1993; H. Koba, S. Akiyama, Y. Endo and H. Ohba, Name List Fl. Pl. Gymnosp. Nepal, 395. 1994.——O. repens Thunb. Diss. Oxal. 16. n. 14. 1781; DC. Prod, 1: 693. 1824. ——O. chinensis Haw in Loud. Hort. Brit. Suppl. 1: 595. 1832, nomen.——Acetosella chinensis (Haw) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 92: 1891. ——O. fontana Bunge in Men. Sav. Etr. Petersb. 2: 87. 1835.
草本，高10-35厘米，全株被柔毛。根茎稍肥厚。茎细弱，多分枝，直立或匍匐，匍匐茎节上生根。叶基生或茎上互生；托叶小，长圆形或卵形，边缘被密长柔毛，基部与叶柄合生，或同一植株下部托叶明显而上部托叶不明显；叶柄长1-13厘米，基部具关节；小叶3，无柄，倒心形，长4-16毫米，宽4-22毫米，先端凹入，基部宽楔形，两面被柔毛或表面无毛，沿脉被毛较密，边缘具贴伏缘毛。花单生或数朵集为伞形花序状，腋生，总花梗淡红色，与叶近等长；花梗长4-15毫米，果后延伸；小苞片2，披针形，长2.5-4毫米，膜质；萼片5，披针形或长圆状披针形，长3-5毫米，背面和边缘被柔毛，宿存；花瓣5，黄色，长圆状倒卵形，长6-8毫米，宽4-5毫米；雄蕊10，花丝白色半透明，有时被疏短柔毛，基部合生，长、短互间，长者花药较大且早熟；子房长圆形，5室，被短伏毛，花柱5，柱头头状。蒴果长圆柱形，长1-2.5厘米，5棱。种子长卵形，长1-1.5毫米，褐色或红棕色，具横向肋状网纹。花、果期2-9月。
全国广布。生于山坡草池、河谷沿岸、路边、田边、荒地或林下阴湿处等。亚洲温带和 亚热带、欧洲、地中海和北美皆有分布。
全草入药，能解热利尿，消肿散淤；茎叶含草酸，可用以磨镜或擦铜器，使其具光泽。牛羊食其过多可中毒致死。

《云南植物志》|| 酢浆草科 Oxalidaceae nom. conserv. ||酢浆草属 Oxalis L. ||酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata L.

1. 酢浆草（唐本草）
酸角草、黄花酢浆草、老鸦腌菜、酸爪草（云南），酸味草（广州）、老鸭嘴、满天星（图鉴），鸠酸（唐本草）
Oxalis corniculata L. (1753); DC. (1824); Benth. (1861); Edgew. et Hook. f. in Hook. f. (1874); Franch. (1884); Forb. et Hemsl. (1886); Knuth in Engl. (1930); Hand.-Mazz. (1933);海南植物志 (1964); Hara (1966), (1979); 图鉴 (1972)*; Fl. Taiwan (1977)*.
Oxalis repens Thunb. (1781)*; 广州植物志 (1956)*; O. corniculata β. repens (Thunb.) Zucc. (1829-1830); Knuth in Engl. (1930); O. taimoni Yamamoto (1932).
草本，主根直，粗达0.7厘米，具多分枝，呈暗褐色。茎柔弱，通常平卧，常为紫色、红色或带紫斑，长达50厘米，粗1—2.5毫米，具多数分枝，疏被灰色柔毛，节生常生不定根。叶极多数，互生；叶柄长2—7厘米，被柔毛；叶片掌状3小叶，小叶片倒心形，长0.5—1.5厘米，先端凹缺，有时深达1／3处，基部宽楔形，叶面绿色，近无毛，边缘具长柔毛，背面淡绿色，有时带红色，疏被紧贴柔毛，沿中脉较密；小叶无柄。花单生或2—6朵组成假伞形花序，腋生，花序梗长1—7厘米，被短柔毛；苞片数枚，狭披针形，长1—4毫米，外面被短柔毛，里面无毛；花梗长1—2厘米，被短柔毛；萼片绿色，披针形，长4—5毫米，外面密被短柔毛，里面无毛；花瓣黄色，狭倒卵形，长8—10毫米，膜质；花丝线形，淡黄绿色，内轮长约5毫米，外轮长约3毫米，均有花药，花药卵形，黄色；子房圆柱状，长约3毫米，密被短柔毛，花柱与子房近等长，被短柔毛。蒴果近圆柱形，长1—2厘米，粗2—3毫米，绿色，密被灰色短柔毛，有5条纵沟，有多数种子；种子卵形，长约1毫米，褐红色，具数条横向绉纹。花果期几全年。
分布几遍全省，生于海拔（350—）1000—3400米的路边、山坡草地或林间空地；我国南北各地均有。世界亚热带北缘及热带地区亦产。
全草入药，有清热解毒、活血、散瘀、利尿、消肿、止血的功效。

《Flora of China》|| Oxalidaceae || Oxalis ||酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata

1. Oxalis corniculata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 435. 1753.

酢浆草 cu jiang cao

Acetosella corniculata (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Oxalis corniculata f. erecta Makino; O. corniculata subsp. repens (Thunberg) Masamune; O. corniculata var. repens (Thunberg) Zuccarini; O. corniculata subsp. subglabra (Kuntze) Masamune; O. corniculata var. taiwanensis Masamune; O. minima Steudel; O. procumbens Steudel; O. repens Thunberg; O. repens var. erecta (Makino) Masamune; O. repens f. speciosa Masamune; O. taiwanensis (Masamune) Masamune; Xanthoxalis corniculata (Linnaeus) Small; X. corniculata var. repens (Thunberg) Nakai; X. repens (Thunberg) Moldenke.

Annuals or short-lived perennials. Stems to 50 cm but often shorter, creeping, ascending to semierect, variably pubescent with adpressed simple hairs. Rootstock a slender taproot, sometimes woody; stems several, freely rooting at nodes in contact with soil; stolons absent. Stipules small, rectangular to auriculate. Leaves alternate or pseudoverticillate; petiole 1-8(-13) cm; leaflet blades obcordate, 0.3-1.8 × 0.4-2.3 cm, green or suffused purplish red, variably adaxially and abaxially pubescent, apex deeply emarginate. Inflorescences umbellate, (2-)1-5(-7)-flowered; peduncle usually slightly longer than petioles; bracts linear-lanceolate, 2-4 × ca. 1 mm. Pedicel 4-15(-20) mm, deflexed or horizontal in fruit, densely strigose. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, 3.5-5 × 1.2-2 mm, margin ciliate especially at apex. Petals bright yellow, oblong-obovate, 6-8 × 3-4 mm. Capsule long cylindric, 8-25 × 2-3 mm, 5-sided, strigose with abundant simple hairs and a few septate hairs on dehiscence sutures. Seeds brown to brownish red, 5-14 per locule, ovoid-oblong, 1-1.5 × 0.8-1 mm, transversely ridged. Fl. and fr. Feb-Oct. 2n = 24.

Mountain slopes, forests, grasslands, riversides, roadsides, fields, wastelands; sea level to 3400 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Nei Mongol, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, E Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Thailand; almost cosmopolitan].

This species is used medicinally.

This highly successful weedy species is so widespread, particularly in areas disturbed by humans, that its origin is unknown. It has been reported from China in additional provinces, such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, Ningxia, and Xinjiang, where it is likely a weed in protected locations, such as in greenhouses. The most frequently encountered variety in China is Oxalis corniculata var. villosa (M. Bieberstein) Hohenacker, but this variety is often under-recorded due to the glabrescent nature of the adaxial surface of the leaves. Oxalis corniculata var. villosa has leaflet blades covered with trichomes all over the abaxial surface, whereas for var. corniculata the abaxial surface has trichomes only on the midrib of the terminal leaflet and the basal half of the lateral leaflets. Plants with leaves, and to a lesser extent all vegetative parts, suffused purplish red are Oxalis corniculata var. atropurpurea Planchon. The purple coloration is conspicuous in plants from exposed sunny habitats but is much less prominent in shaded plants and fades on drying, making confident determination of old herbarium specimens difficult. Determination of the exact distribution of these varieties in China needs additional study.

Synonyms of Oxalis corniculata var. villosa include: Oxalis villosa M. Bieberstein, Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 355. 1808; Acetosella corniculata var. villosa (M. Bieberstein) Kuntze; ?O. corniculata f. maritima Masamune; O. corniculata var. sericea Knuth; O. corniculata var. trichocaulon H. Léveillé; O. corniculata f. villosa (M. Bieberstein) Goiran; ?O. corniculata var. viscidula Wiegand; O. langloisii (Small) Fedde; O. thunbergiana Montrousier; Xanthoxalis langloisii Small. Synonyms of Oxalis corniculata var. atropurpurea include: Oxalis corniculata f. purpurea (Parlatore) Knuth; O. corniculata var. purpurea Parlatore; O. tropaeoloides Schlachter ex Planchon; Xanthoxalis corniculata f. atropurpurea (Planchon) Nakai; X. corniculata var. atropurpurea (Planchon) Moldenke; X. corniculata f. purpurea (Parlatore) Nakai.

《Flora of North America》|| Oxalidaceae || || Oxalis corniculata

3. Oxalis corniculata Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 435. 1753.
[F I W]

Creeping yellow wood-sorrel Creeping yellow wood-sorrel

Oxalis corniculata var. atropurpurea Planchon; O. corniculata var. domingensis (Urban) Moscoso; O. corniculata var. langloisii (Small) Wiegand; O. corniculata var. lupulina (Kunth) Zuccarini; O. corniculata var. macrophylla Arsène ex R. Knuth; O. corniculata var. repens (Thunberg) Zuccarini; O. corniculata var. villosa (M. Bieberstein) Hohenacker; O. corniculata var. viscidula Wiegand; O. langloisii (Small) Fedde; O. repens Thunberg ; Xanthoxalis corniculata (Linnaeus) Small; X. langloisii Small

Herbs annual, caulescent, rhizomes and stolons absent, bulbs absent. Aerial stems commonly 2–8 from base, prostrate or decumbent, <stolonlike, rooting at nodes>, 4–10(–30) cm, herbaceous, sparsely and loosely strigose to strigose-villous or villous, <hairs nonseptate>. Leaves basal and cauline; stipules oblong, <membranous>, margins with wide, free flanges, apical auricles free; petiole 1–5 cm; leaflets 3, green or bronze-purple to maroon, obcordate, (4–)6–12 mm, lobed 1/5–1/3 length, <margins often prominently villous-ciliate>, surfaces glabrous, oxalate deposits absent. Inflorescences irregular or umbelliform cymes, 1–3(–6)-flowered; peduncles (1–)2–4(–8) cm. Flowers mostly homostylous; sepal apices without tubercles; petals yellow, 4–8 mm. Capsules angular-cylindric, gradually or abruptly tapering to apex, 8–17(–20) mm, sparsely puberulent to glabrate or glabrous. <Seeds brown, transverse ridges brown>. 2n = 24, 36, 42, 44, 48.

Flowering Mar–Aug(–Oct), sporadically year-round. Disturbed areas, gardens, greenhouses, lawns, fields, roadsides, hammocks, beach margins, open pine woods, grasslands; 10–500(–2500) m; introduced; B.C., Man., Ont., N.S., P.E.I., Que., Sask.; Ala., Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., N.J., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., S.C., S.Dak., Tex., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va.; Mexico; West Indies; Central America; South America; introduced also in Europe, Asia (China, India, Japan), Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia.

Oxalis corniculata in the flora area is recognized by a combination of its small flowers (petals yellow, 4–8 mm); sparsely hairy, herbaceous stems creeping and rooting at nodes; and stipules with free flanges and apical auricles. Peduncles and leaves (one to three) are produced at the nodes, short erect stems less commonly so. Specimens have been seen documenting its distribution in the United States as listed above; it may also occur in intervening areas.

The typical form of Oxalis corniculata is strictly annual with consistently herbaceous, prostrate stems. At least some populations in western Oregon are distinctly more erect, with decumbent-ascending stems, than those of the eastern United States. In contrast, stems of O. dillenii characteristically are initially erect but may become decumbent to prostrate, occasionally rooting at the nodes; they almost always become more or less woody. Stems arising from nodes of laterally oriented stems characteristically are erect. In most of the United States, O. corniculata usually occurs in urban and highly disturbed habitats, but along the Gulf Coast it occasionally grows in less obviously disturbed sites and might be native there. However, assignment of nativity awaits a clearer understanding of patterns of variation within what is recognized as a highly variable species.

Variants of Oxalis corniculata and closely similar forms occur in Mexico, the West Indies, Central America, and South America, as well as in other parts of the world, including the flora area. Plants with bronze-purple to maroon leaves and hairy capsules have been recognized as var. atropurpurea (for example, in Florida, D. B. Ward 2004; in California, L. Abrams and R. S. Ferris 1923–1960, vol. 3). Variety atropurpurea in Malaysia has features of a distinct species, differing from typical O. corniculata in karyotype as well as in floral and vegetative morphology and is isolated by post-pollination reproductive barriers (B. R. Nair and P. Kuriachan 2004). Australasian variants sometimes identified as O. corniculata recently have been treated at specific rank (for example, P. J. de Lange et al. 2005). In view of the significant variation in ploidy level reported for the species, formal recognition of these and probably still other segregates may be justified.

SELECTED REFERENCE Turner, B. L. 1994. Regional variation in the North American elements of Oxalis corniculata (Oxalidaceae). Phytologia 77: 1–7.