《中国植物志》|| 龙胆科 GENTIANACEAE ||宽丝组 Sect. Platynema T. N. Ho et S. W. Liu ||普兰獐牙菜 Swertia ciliata (D. Don ex G. Don) B. L. Burtt

75. 普兰獐牙菜（植物分类学报）
Swertia ciliata (D. Don ex G. Don) B. L. Burtt in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 26 (3): 272, 277. 1965; Hara, Chater et Williams, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: 96. 1982.——Ophelia ciliata D. Don ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. Dichlam. Pl. 4: 178. 1837. ——O. purpurascens D. Don in London Edinb. philos. Mag. Journ. Sci. 8: 77. 1836. nom. illegit. et in Trans. Linn. Soc. 17: 526. 1837: Griseb. Gen. Sp. Gent. 315. 1838 et in DC. Prodr. 124. 1845; C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14: 445. 1875. ——O. purpuras cens var. ciliata D. Don, l. c. 17: 526. 1837. ——Swertia purpurascens Wall. (Cat. 4379. 1831) ex C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 121. 1883;何廷农、施文良, 植物分类学报14(2): 65. 1976.
一年生草本，高30-48厘米。茎直立，常带紫色，四棱形，从下部起分枝，枝斜升。叶无柄或有短柄，叶片披针形或卵状披针形，长0.8-4.5厘米，宽0.3-2厘米，先端急尖，边缘外卷，基部钝，叶质薄，具明显的3-5脉，上面深绿色，下面淡绿色。圆锥状复聚伞花序多花，开展；花梗细丝状，长达2.5厘米；花5数，直径1-1.2厘米；花萼绿色，与花冠近等长，裂片略不等大，在花时反折，披针形，长5-6毫米，宽1.5-2毫米，先端渐尖，边缘深紫色，背面中脉深紫色，明显突起；花冠污紫色，在花时平展或反折，基部具环状的深色晕，裂片卵状披针形，长6-7毫米，先端渐尖，基部具1个半圆形、裸露腺窝，腺窝之上具2个深色斑点；花丝深紫色，下部极为扩大，并联合成短筒包围子房，花药蓝紫色，椭圆形，长约1.5毫米；子房具短柄，披针形，花柱细瘦，长3-4毫米，柱头头状。蒴果具短柄，卵形，长7-10毫米，具宿存的花柱；种子淡黄色，近球形，直径约0.3毫米，表面有突起或近平滑。染色体2n=20。花果期7-9月。
产我国西藏西南部。生于山坡、水沟边，海拔3600-3700米。模式标本采自喜马拉雅地区。阿富汗、克什米尔地区、印度、尼泊尔、锡金也有分布。
本种的基本名称是G. Don根据D. Don的手稿合法发表的Ophelia ciliata D. Don ex G. Don (Gen. Syst. Dichlam. Pl. 4: 178. 1837)。其后，D. Don自己把该种又分立为O．purpurascens D．Don及O．purpurascens var. ciliata D．Don（in Trans. Linn． Soc. 17: 526．June 1837．）。B．L. Burtt（1965）在详细研究了G．Don和D. Don的上述种类之后认为，实际上它们应为同种而作了归并，并重新组合了本种种名。因为O． purpurascens D. Don虽然在1836年就较早于O．ciliata D. Don ex G. Don而被D． Don用拉丁文记载过，但当时或以前对属Ophelia并未进行过描述，并合法发表，这样，种的描述就成了无效发表，种也就不能成立了。

《Flora of China》|| Gentianaceae || Swertia ||普兰獐牙菜 Swertia ciliata

71. Swertia ciliata (D. Don ex G. Don) B. L. Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh. 26: 272. 1965.

普兰獐牙菜 pu lan zhang ya cai

Ophelia ciliata D. Don ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 178. 1837; O. purpurascens Wallich ex D. Don.

Annuals 30-50 cm tall. Roots yellow, fibrous. Stems erect, subquadrangular, branched. Leaves sessile or short petiolate; leaf blade lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 0.8-4.5 × 0.3-2 cm, thin herbaceous, base obtuse, margin slightly revolute, apex acute, veins 3-5. Inflorescences panicles of cymes, many flowered, spreading. Flowers 5merous. Pedicel erect, to 2.5 cm, filiform. Calyx tube 1-1.5 mm; lobes reflexed at anthesis, lanceolate, 5-7 × 1.5-2 mm, slightly unequal, margin and midvein dark purple, apex acuminate. Corolla dirty purple, with 2 purple spots above each nectary, 1-1.2 cm in diam., tube 1-1.5 mm; lobes spreading at anthesis, ovate-lanceolate, 6-7 mm, apex acuminate. Nectaries 1 per corolla lobe, horseshoe-shaped, naked. Filaments dark purple, 4-5 mm, basally much enlarged and connate; anthers blue-purple, ellipsoid, 1-1.5 mm. Style 3-4 mm, slender; stigma lobes capitate. Capsules ovoid, 7-10 mm. Seeds pale yellow, subglobose, 0.3-0.5 mm in diam.; seed coat smooth to warty. Fl. and fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 20.

Beside streams, hillsides; 3600-3700 m. SW Xizang [Afghanistan, India, Kashmir, Nepal, Sikkim].