《中国植物志》|| 卫矛科 CELASTRACEAE ||圆锥组 Sect. Celastrus ||灯油藤 Celastrus paniculatus Willd.

1.灯油藤（中国高等植物图鉴）滇南蛇藤（中国树木分类学）、打油果、红果藤、小黄果（云南俗名）、圆锥南蛇藤（拉汉种子植物名称）图版19: 3-4
Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 1125. 1797; Laws, in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 617. 1875; Loes. in Bot. Jahrb. 30: 470. 1902; Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 116. 1927; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学, 修订版. 671. 1953; D. Hou. in Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 42: 229. 1955; 海南植物志2: 439. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 675.图3042. 1972.——Celastrus dependens Wall. in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 1: 389. 1824;云南种子植物名录1: 750. 1984, syn. nov. ——C. multiflorus Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1: 389. 1824 non Lam. syn. nov. ——Euouymus euphlebiphyllus Hayata, Icon. Formos. 5: 15. 1915.——Celastrus euphlebiphyllus (Hay.) Kanehira, Formos. Trees. ed. 2: 383. f. 340. 1936. ——Celastrus paniclatus ssp. multiflorus (Roxb.) D. Hou. 1. c. 231. 1955; H. L. Li. in Fl. Taiwan. 3: 620. 1977, syn. nov.
常绿藤本灌木，高达10米；小枝被毛或光滑，皮孔椭圆形，通常密生，稀不显著；腋芽小，三角形，长1-1.5毫米。叶椭圆形、长方椭圆形、长方形、阔卵形、倒卵形至近圆形，长5-10厘米，宽2.5-5厘米，先端短尖至渐尖，基部楔形较圆，边缘锯齿状，叶两面光滑，稀在叶背脉腋处有微毛，侧脉5-7对；叶柄长6-16毫米；托叶线形，早落。聚伞圆锥花序顶生，长5-10厘米，上部分枝与下部分枝近等长，稍平展，花序梗及小花梗偶被短绒毛，小花梗长3-6毫米，关节位于基部；花淡绿色；花萼5裂，覆瓦状排列，半圆形，具缘毛；花瓣长方形至倒卵长方形，长2-3毫米，宽1.2-1.8毫米；花盘厚膜质杯状，不明显5裂；雄蕊长约3毫米，着生花盘边缘，在雌花中雄蕊退化，长约1毫米；子房近球状，在雄花中退化成短棒状。蒴果球状，直径达1厘米，具3-6种子；种子椭圆状，两端稍尖，长3.5-5.5毫米，直径2-5毫米。花期4-6月，果期6-9月。
产于台湾、广东、海南、广西、贵州、云南。生长于海拔200-2000米的丛林地带。分布南达印度。模式标本采自印度。
种子含油50﹪以上，在云南常榨油作灯用油或制肥皂用；种子入药，能缓泻、催吐、兴奋、治风湿麻痹等症。本种叶形多变，曾被分为3个亚种（D. Hou 1. c.）：即原亚种、具齿灯油藤（亚种）C. paniculatus ssp. serratus (Blanco) D. Hou（在我国没有分布）和花灯油藤（亚种）C. paniculatus ssp. multiforus (Roxb.) D. Hou,但后者与原亚种的主要区别是：叶片较窄长，呈椭圆形或长方形，花序花稍多，但此种差异并不稳定，在同分布区别即存在各种过渡型，较难区分，故合并。

《云南植物志》|| 卫矛科 Celastraceae ||南蛇藤属 Celastrus L. ||灯油藤 Celastrus paniculatus Willd.

1.灯油藤（图鉴）图版73: 3-4
滇南蛇藤（中国树木分类学)，多花滇南蛇藤（台湾植物志)，红果藤、锥序南蛇藤、打油果
Celastrus paniculatus Willd. (1797); Laws. in Hook. f. (1875); Pitard in Lecomte (1907-12); Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. (1915); 陈嵘 (1937); Hou (1962); 图鉴 (1972)*, et 补编 (1983), in clavi.; 云南种子植物名录 (1984); 中国植物志 (1999)*.
Celastrus multiflorus Roxb. (1814), nom. nud., (1824), descr.; C. dependens Wall. in Roxb. (1824, 1829); Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. (1915); Chung (1924); 云南种子植物名录 (1984); C. subspicatus Hook. (1842); D. Hou (1955); C. paniculatus ssp. serratus D. Hou (1955); C. paniculatus ssp. multiflorus (Roxb.) D. Hou (1955); 云南种子植物名录 (1984).
藤状灌木，高达10米；幼枝常被毛。叶片纸质，圆形、阔卵形、倒卵形至椭圆形，长6-10 (-15) 厘米，宽2.5-4 (-6) 厘米，先端急尖或渐尖，尖头钝，基部稍钝，边缘有锯齿，两面无毛，侧脉5-7对；叶柄长5-15毫米。圆锥花序顶生，长5-15厘米；花淡绿色，直径3-4毫米；花梗长3-5毫米，基部具节；萼片圆形；花瓣长圆形，长2-2.5毫米；雄蕊伸出；子房球形，在雄花中为柱状，柱头3裂，每裂再裂为2。果近球形，直径7-10毫米，3裂，有种子3-6颗；果瓣干时外面有横皱纹。花期4-6月。
产西双版纳等地；生于海拔700-900米林缘或林下。分布于西藏、贵州、广西、广东、台湾等省区。巴基斯坦、印度、不丹、缅甸、菲律宾、马来西亚、印度尼西亚也有。

《Flora of China》|| Celastraceae || Celastrus ||灯油藤 Celastrus paniculatus

1. Celastrus paniculatus Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 1: 1125. 1797.

灯油藤 deng you teng

Celastrus dependens Wallich; C. euphlebiphyllus (Ha yata) Kanehira; C. multiflorus Roxburgh (1824), not Lamarck (1785); C. paniculatus subsp. multiflorus Ding Hou; C. paniculatus subsp. serratus (Blanco) Ding Hou; Diosma serrata Blanco; Euonymus euphlebiphyllus Hayata.

Large deciduous twining shrubs, stem up to 23 cm in diam.; bark pale brown, rough and cracked, exfoliating in small scales; branchlets pubescent or glabrous, with prominent elliptic lenticels; axillary buds small, 1-2 mm, triangular. Petiole 6-16 mm; leaf blade elliptic, oblong, rectangular, ovate, or obovate to suborbicular, 5-10 × 2.5-5 cm, glabrous, base cuneate, margin serrate, apex mucronate to acuminate; secondary veins 5-7 pairs, rarely abaxially pubescent at axil of veins. Thyrses terminal, 5-10 cm, 1- or 2-ramous; rachis and pedicels occasionally with short tomentum; pedicels 3-6 mm. Flowers greenish, 5-merous, dioecious, 2-3 × 1.2-1.8 mm; sepals free, imbricate, semiorbicular, ciliate; petals oblong to obovate-rectangular. Disk membranous, cupulate, slightly 5-lobed. Stamens ca. 3 mm, inserted on margin of disk. Ovary globose. Capsule 1-1.3 cm in diam., depressed, globose, 3-valved, bright yellow, 3-6-seeded. Seeds elliptic, 3.5-5.5 × 2-5 mm; aril orange-red. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jun-Sep.

Forest slopes; 200-2000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia, Pacific islands (New Caledonia)].

Seed oiliness in this species is more than 50%. It is used for making lamp oil and soap in Yunnan. Many pharmacological studies deal with its effects on the central nervous system and the tranquilizing property of the alkaloidal fractions of the oil.

The variable leaf blade shape led to the creation of three subspecies: Celastrus paniculatus subsp. paniculatus, C. paniculatus subsp. serratus (Blanco) Ding Hou (not in China), and C. paniculatus subsp. multiflorus (Roxburgh) Ding Hou. However, there are so many transi-tional blade forms that it is hard to distinguish between them; therefore, the subspecies are not recognized here.