《中国植物志》|| 肉豆蔻科 MYRISTICACEAE ||肉豆蔻属 Myristica Gronov. ||肉豆蔻 Myristica fragrans Houtt.

4. 肉豆蔻（开宝本草） 肉果、玉果（广西） 图版88
Myristica fragrans Houtt. Handleid Hist. Nat. Linn. 2: 333. 1774; Warb. Monog. Myrist. 458. 1897; Uphof in Engl. et Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenam. ed. 2, 17a; 2: 213 1959; Whitm. Trees Fl. Mal. 1: 341. 1972.
小乔木；幼枝细长。叶近革质，椭圆形或椭圆状披针形，先端短渐尖，基部宽楔形或近圆形，两面无毛；侧脉8-10对；叶柄长7-10毫米。雄花序长1-3厘米，无毛，着花3-20，稀1-2，小花长4-5毫米；花被裂片3（-4），三角状卵形，外面密被灰褐色绒毛；花药9-12枚，线形，长约雄蕊柱的一半；雌花序较雄花序为长；总梗粗壮、着花1-2朵；花长6毫米，直径约4毫米；花被裂片3，外面密被微绒毛；花梗长于雌花；小苞片着生在花被基部，脱落后残存通常为环形的疤痕；子房椭圆形，外面密被锈色绒毛，花柱极短，柱头先端2裂。果通常单生，具短柄，有时具残存的花被片；假种皮红色，至基部撕裂；种子卵珠形；子叶短，蜷曲，基部连合。
原产马鲁古群岛，热带地区广泛栽培。我国台湾、广东、云南等地已引种试种。
本种为热带著名的香料和药用植物，产地用假种皮捣碎加入凉菜或其他醃渍品中作为调味食用；种子含固体油，可供工业用油，其余部分供药用，治虚泻冷痢、脘腹冷痛、呕吐等；外用可作寄生虫驱除剂，治疗风湿痛等。

《Flora of China》|| Myristicaceae || Myristica ||肉豆蔻 Myristica fragrans

2. Myristica fragrans Houttuyn, Nat. Hist. 2(3): 333. 1774.

肉豆蔻 rou dou kou

Small trees, to 10 m tall; branches slender, minutely pubescent, early glabrescent. Petiole 6-12 mm; leaf blade elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 4-8 cm, nearly leathery, both surfaces glabrous, base broadly cuneate or nearly rounded, apex shortly acuminate; lateral veins 6-10 pairs. Male inflorescences 2.5-5 cm, glabrous, shortly peduncled, simple or forked, with 4-8 or more flowers on slender branches. Male flowers: pedicel 10-15 mm; bracteole caducous; perianth trigonous-ovoid, 5-7 mm, lobes 3(or 4), with minute tomentum outside; anthers 9-12; synandrium ca. 5 mm, column ca. 2 mm, sterile apex ca. 0.5 mm. Female inflorescences 1- or few flowered. Female flowers: pedicel 8-12 mm; bracteole inserted on base of perianth, leaving ringlike scar after abscission; perianth ca. 6 × 4 mm; ovary ellipsoid, with dense rusty pubescence; style extremely short; stigmas 2, minute. Fruiting pedicel 10-15 mm. Fruits 1 or 2, orange or yellow, pyriform or subglobose, 3.5-5 cm in diam. Seeds ellipsoid, 2-3 × ca. 2 cm; aril red, irregularly deeply lacerate; cotyledons short, curled, connate at base.

Cultivated. Guangdong, Taiwan, Yunnan [native to Indonesia (Moluccas); widely cultivated in the tropics].

This species is a famous spice (nutmeg and mace) and medicinal plant. The seeds contain 40%-73% fat and are used in industry. Other parts are used medicinally to treat, for example, dysentery and rheumatic pains and can be used as insect repellant.