《中国植物志》|| 石杉科 HUPERZIACEAE ||龙骨组 Sect. Carinaturus (Herter) H. S. Kung et L. B. Zhang ||龙骨马尾杉 Phlegmariurus carinatus (Desv. ex Poir.) Ching

22. 龙骨马尾杉 (云南植物研究) 覆叶石松 (台湾植物志)
Phlegmariurus carinatus (Desv.) Ching in Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4 (2): 120. 1982; C.Y. Yang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 20 (4): 448. 1982; B. Olig. Index Lycop. 79. 1989; Nakaike, N. Fl. Jap. Pterid. rev. enlarg. 791. 1992; L. B. Zhang et H. S. Kung in Ac-to Phytotax. Sin. 38 (1): 26. 2000. ——Lycopoodium carinatum Desv. ex Poiret inLam., Encycl. Bot. Suppl. 3: 555. 1813: Spring, Monogr. Lycop. 1: 59. et 2: 26. 1849; Baker, Handb. Fern Allies 17. 1887; Herter in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 43: Beibl. 98: 36. 1909: Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 4: 131. 1914: Aderw, Malay. Fern-allies 36. 1915: Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 20. 1927; Alston in Fl. Indo-Chine 7 (2): 550. 1951; S. H. Fu, Ill. Imporant Chinese Pl., Pterid. 3. 1957; Fl. Hainan. 1: 7. 1964; De Volin H. L. Li, Fl. Taiwan 1: 33. 1975; Tagawa et K. Iwats. in Fl. Thailand 3 (1): 8. 1979: C. M. Kuo in Taiwania 30: 12. 1985; B. Ollg. l. c. 36; J. L. Tsai et W. C.Shieh in T. C. Huang, Fl. Taiwan ed. 2, 1: 30. 1994. ——L. carinatum Desv. exPoiret var. minus Tagawa in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 15: 7. 1951. ——Urostachys carina-tus (Desv. ex Poiret) Herter ex Nessel, Baerlappge. 179. 1939. ——Huperzia carinata (Desv. ex Poiret) Trev. in Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. 17: 247. 1875; Dixit, Census Ind. Pterid. 7. 1984, et Lycop. Ind. 62, f. 13A-B. pl. III: f. 10. 1988; B. Ollg. in OperaBot. 92: 165. 1987, et l. c. 11. ——H. carinata (Desv. ex Poiret) Rothm. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. 54: 61. 1944. ——L. laxum C. Presl in Reliq. Haenk. 1: 83. 1825; Nakaike, N. Fl. Jap. Pterid. 24, f. 24. 1982; K. Iwats., Ferns Fern Allies Jap. 46. 1992. ——L. flagellaria Bory in Duperrey, Voy. Monde Bot. 1: 248. 1829. ——L. acrostachyum Hook. et Grev. Ic. Fil. 2: t. 181. 1830/1831. ——L. pendulum Roxb. in Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist. 4: 472. 1844.
中型附生蕨类。茎簇生，成熟枝下垂，1至多回二叉分枝，长31-49厘米，枝较粗，枝连叶绳索状，第三回分枝连叶直径大于2.5毫米，侧枝不等长。叶螺旋状排列，但扭曲呈二列状。营养叶密生，针状，紧贴枝上，强度内弯，长不足5毫米，长达8毫米，宽约4毫米，基部楔形，下延，无柄，有光泽，顶端渐尖，近通直，向外开张，背面隆起呈龙骨状，中脉不显，坚硬，全缘。孢子囊穗顶生，直径约3毫米。孢子叶卵形，基部楔形，先端尖锐，具短尖头，中脉不显，全缘。孢子囊生于孢子叶腋，藏于孢子叶内，不显，肾形，2瓣开裂，黄色。
产台湾、广东、广西、海南、云南。附生于海拔0-700米的山脊、山谷、丘陵密林中石上或树干上。日本、印度、泰国、越南、老挝、柬埔寨、马来西亚、菲律宾、新加坡及大洋洲有分布。模式标本采自印度东部。
本种不育叶呈针状，孢子囊穗藏于孢子叶内，明显不同于其他具二型叶的种类。

《云南植物志》|| 石杉科 Huperziaceae ||马尾杉属 Phlegmariurus (Herter) Holub ||龙骨马尾杉 Phlegmariurus carinatus (Desv. ex Poiret) Ching

8. 龙骨马尾杉（云南植物研究）
龙骨石松（中国主要植物图说 蕨类植物门） 覆叶石松（台湾植物志）
Phlegmariurus carinatus (Desv. ex Poiret) Ching (1982); L. B. Zhang et H. S. Kung (2000); 广西蕨类植物概览 (2000); 中国植物志 (2004).
Lycopodium carinatum Desv. ex Poiret (1813); Spring (1849); Bak. (1887); Alston in Lecomte (1951); 中国主要植物图说 蕨类植物门 (1957); 海南植物志 (1964); 台湾植物志 (1975); Tagawa et K. Iwats. (1979); Jones et Clemesha (1980); Andrews (1990)*; Urostachys carinatus (Desv. ex Poiret) Herter (1923)*; Huperzia carinata (Desv. ex Poiret) Trev. (1874); Dixit (1988)*; Nakaike (1992); 蕨类图鉴 (2001)*; L. laxum Presl (1825); Nakaike (1982)*.
植株基部多枝簇生的悬垂绳索状附生植物，长达60厘米。各簇生枝二至五回等二叉分枝。枝圆柱状，直径达7毫米。叶薄革质，略有光泽，干后多皱纹，在茎上螺旋状密生极斜向上，茎被遮蔽。不育叶狭披针形，长达1.2厘米，宽达2毫米，先端渐尖，基部圆楔形，下延，两侧或多或少向内弯曲，背面龙骨状隆起；孢子叶生于枝的上部，或与不育叶形状、大小相似，形成不明显的孢子叶穗，或呈倒卵状披针形，显著小于不育叶，形成明显的孢子叶穗。孢子叶穗略呈四棱柱状，长可达20厘米，一至二回对称二叉分枝。孢子囊近白色或浅黄色，圆肾形，生于穗上部的两侧略可见。
产于河口；生于热带河谷中，附生于树干上，海拔80米，少见。广西、广东、海南、台湾也有。分布于亚洲热带地区及大洋洲，北达日本琉球。

《Flora of China》|| Lycopodiaceae || Phlegmariurus ||龙骨马尾杉 Phlegmariurus carinatus

22. Phlegmariurus carinatus (Desvaux ex Poiret) Ching, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 120. 1982.

龙骨马尾杉 long gu ma wei shan

Lycopodium carinatum Desvaux ex Poiret in Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 3: 555. 1814; Huperzia carinata (Desvaux ex Poiret) Trevisan; H. laxa (C. Presl) U. Sen & T. Sen; L. acrostachyum Hooker & Greville; L. carinatum var. minus Tagawa; L. flagellaria Bory; L. laxum C. Presl; L. pendulum Roxburgh; Urostachys carinatus (Desvaux ex Poiret) Herter ex Nessel.

Lycophytes, medium-sized. Stems caespitose, mature branches pendulous, 1 to several times forked, 31-49 cm, branches slightly robust, stem together with leaves cordlike, tertiary branches with leaves more than 2.5 mm in diam., lateral branches unequal. Leaves twisted and forming 2 rows. Trophophylls dense, adnate to branches, much incurved, lustrous, acicular, up to 8 × 4 mm, midrib indistinct, hard, raised abaxially and keeled, base cuneate, decurrent, sessile, margin entire, apex acuminate, substraight, opening outside. Strobili terminal on branches, ca. 3 mm in diam. Sporophylls ovate, midrib indistinct, base cuneate, margin entire, apex acute, with mucro. Sporangia hidden inside of sporophylls, indistinct, yellowish, reniform, vertically bisected.

Epiphytic on tree trunks or rocks in dense forests of ridges, valleys, hills; 200-2300 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan (Hekou) [Cambodia, India, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific islands].

The trophophylls of Phlegmariurus carinatus are acicular, and its sporangia are hidden inside of its sporophylls; these characters are conspicuously different from other heterophyllous species in the genus.