《中国植物志》|| 荨麻科 URTICACEAE ||荨麻系 Ser. Dioicae C. T. Chen ||异株荨麻 Urtica dioica L.

9.异株荨麻（种子植物名称）
Urtica dioica L. Sp. Pl. 984. 1753; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 548. 1888; Hand. -Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 110. 1929, p. p.; A. Jarmolenko in Kom. Fl. URSS 5: 392. 1936; Kitamura, Fl. Afghanistan 86. 1960; 西藏植物志l: 529: 1983; C. J. Chen in Bull. Bot. Res. (Harbin) 3 (2): 117. 1983; Grierson et Long, Fl. Bhutan 1 (1): 107. 1983, excl. var. atrichocaulis. ——U. dioica L. var. vulgaris Wedd. in DC. prodr. 16: (1): 50. 1869.
多年生草本，常有木质化的根状茎。茎高40-100厘米，四棱形，常密生刺毛和细 糙毛，分枝少。叶片卵形或狭卵形，长5-7厘米，宽2.5-4厘米，先端渐尖，基部心 形，边缘有锯齿，齿尖略向前弯曲，上面疏生小刺毛，下面（尤在脉上）生稍密的小刺 毛和细糙毛，钟乳体点状，基出脉常5条，下部一对较短细，上部一对伸达中上部齿尖， 或与邻近的侧脉网结，侧脉3-5对；叶柄（至少茎中部的）长约相当于叶片的一半，向 上的逐渐缩短，常密生小刺毛；托叶每节4枚，离生，条形，长5-8毫米，被微柔毛。 雌雄异株，稀同株；花序圆锥状，长3-7厘米，序轴较纤细，雌花序在果时常下垂，疏 生小刺毛和微柔毛。雄花具短梗，在芽时直径约1.4毫米，开放后径约2. 5毫米；花被 片4，合生至中部，外面疏被微毛；退化雌蕊杯状，具柄，透明，中空，顶端有一小孔； 雌花小近无梗。瘦果狭卵形，双凸透镜状，长1-1.2毫米，光滑；宿存花被片4，在下 部合生，外面被微糙毛，内面二枚宽椭圆状卵形，稍盖过果，长1.2-1.5毫米，外面二 枚狭椭圆形，下部渐狭，较内面的短2-3倍。花期7-8月，果期8-9月。
产西藏西部、青海和新疆西部。生于海拔3 300-3 900米山坡阴湿处。喜马拉雅中 西部、亚洲中部与西部、欧洲、北非和北美广为分布。

《云南植物志》|| 荨麻科 Urticaceae, nom. fam. conserv. ||异株荨麻组 Sect. Urtica ||异株荨麻 Urtica dioica L.

4.异株荨麻（种子植物名称）
Urtica dioica L. (1753); Hook. f. (1888); Hand.-Mazz. (1929) p. p.; A. Jarmolenko in Kom. (1936); Kitamura (1960); C. J. Chen (1983); 西藏植物志 (1983); H. Koba et al. (1994).
Urtica dioica L. var. vulgaris Wedd. (1869).
多年生草本。茎高40—100厘米，常密生带黄色的小刺毛和细糙毛。叶片卵形或狭卵形，长5—7厘米，宽2.5—4厘米，先端渐尖，基部心形，边缘有锯齿，齿尖略向前弯曲，上面疏生细刺毛，下面尤其是在脉上生稍密的小刺毛和细糙毛，钟乳体点状，基出脉常5条，上部1对伸达上部齿尖，或与邻近的侧脉网结；叶柄在茎中部的长及叶片的一半，向上渐变短，密生带黄色的小刺毛；托叶每节4枚，分生，线形，长5—8毫米。雌雄异株；花序圆锥状，长3—7厘米，序轴较纤细，雌花序在果时常下垂。雄花具短梗或近无梗，在芽时直径约1.4毫米；花被片4，外面疏生小毛；退化雌蕊杯状，具柄。雌花近无梗。瘦果卵形或狭卵形，稍扁，长1—1.2毫米，光滑；宿存花被片被细糙毛，内面2片宽椭圆状卵形，稍盖过果，外面2片狭椭圆形，下部渐狭，长约为内面的1/2—1/3。花期7—8月，果期8—9月。
产滇西北（丽江、中甸、德钦、贡山），生于海拔约3400米的山坡荫湿处；我国西藏、青海、新疆也有分布。亦见于喜马拉雅西部（至尼泊尔）、亚洲中部与西部、欧洲、北非和北美。

《Flora of North America》|| Urticaceae || Urtica || Urtica dioica

1. Urtica dioica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 984. 1753.

Stinging nettle, ortie

Herbs , perennial, rhizomatous, 5-30 dm. Stems simple or branched, erect or sprawling. Leaf blades elliptic, lanceolate, or narrowly to broadly ovate, 6-20 × 2-13 cm, base rounded to cordate, margins coarsely serrate, sometimes doubly serrate, apex acute or acuminate; cystoliths rounded. Inflorescences paniculate, pedunculate, elongate. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on same or different plants, staminate ascending, the pistillate lax or recurved. Pistillate flowers: outer tepals linear to narrowly spatulate or lanceolate, 0.8-1.2 mm, inner tepals ovate to broadly ovate, 1.4-1.8 × 1.1-1.3 mm. Achenes ovoid to broadly ovoid, 1-1.3(-1.4) × 0.7-0.9 mm.

《Flora of China》|| Urticaceae || Urtica ||异株荨麻 Urtica dioica

9. Urtica dioica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 984. 1753.

异株荨麻 yi zhu qian ma

Herbs perennial, dioecious, rarely monoecious. Rhizomes woody, stoloniferous. Stems simple or few branched, 40-100 cm tall; stems and petioles often densely or sometimes sparsely covered with stinging and setulose hairs. Stipules free, linear, (2-)5-8 mm; petiole 2.5-4 cm; leaf blade ovate, sometimes lanceolate, 5-13 × 2.5-6 cm, often herbaceous, (3-)5-veined, lateral basal veins reaching distal margin and anastomosing, secondary veins 3-5 each side, adaxial surface sparsely covered with stinging and setulose hairs, abaxial surface often densely covered with long, stinging and setulose hairs along veins, base cordate, margin coarsely 15-21-serrate or -dentate, teeth often incurved-tipped, apex acuminate or long acuminate; cystoliths punctiform. Inflorescences paniculate, 3-7 cm; female inflorescences with slender axes, often drooping in fruit. Male flowers in bud ca. 1.4 mm; perianth lobes connate 1/2 of length, puberulent. Female flowers: perianth lobes connate at 1/4 of lower part, dorsal-ventral lobes elliptic-ovate, 1.2-1.5 mm, sparingly setulose, lateral lobes narrowly elliptic, 2-3 × as long as the dorsal ones, Achene brownish gray, ovoid or narrowly ovoid, slightly compressed, 1-1.2(-1.4) mm, smooth, invested by persistent perianth lobes. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Aug-Sep.

Moist places in forests, thickets, grasslands, stream banks; (500-) 2200-5000 m. E Gansu, Qinghai, NW Sichuan, W Xinjiang, Xizang [Afghanistan, C Himalayas; N Africa, Europe, North America].

Dmitry Geltman (pers. comm.) notes that U. dioica subsp. sondenii (Simmons) A. Löve & D. Löve (U. dioica var. sondenii Simmons; U. sondenii (Simmons) Avrorin ex Geltman) occurs in the mountainous regions of Xinjiang (Altay Shan, etc.).