《中国植物志》|| 姜科 ZINGIBERACEAE ||艳山姜亚属 subgen. Catimbium Horan. emend. K. Schum. ||艳山姜 Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt. & Smith

22．艳山姜（广州常见经济植物）图版27
Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt. & Smith in Not. R. B. G. Edinb. 31 (2): 204. 1972; 中国科学院植物研究所编, 中国高等植物图鉴 5: 597. 图8023. 1976.——Costus zerumbet Pers. , Syn. 1: 3. 1805. ——Zerumbet speciosum Wendl. , Sert. Hann. fas. 4. 3, t. 19. 1798. ——Alpinia speciosa (Wendl.) K. Schum., Fl. Kaiser-Wilhelmsl 29. 1887 et in Engl. Pflanzenr. 20 (IV. 46) : 334. 1904.——non (Bl.) Dietr. (1839).——Languas speciosa (Wendl.) Small, Fl. S. E. U. S. ed. 2. 407. 1913, Sasaki in Trans. Nat. His. Soc. Formos. 18: 174. 1928; Chun in Sunyatsenia 1: 216. 1934.
株高2-3米。叶片披针形，长30-60厘米，宽5-10厘米，顶端渐尖而有一旋卷的小尖头，基部渐狭，边缘具短柔毛，两面均无毛；叶柄长1-1.5厘米；叶舌长5-10毫米，外被毛。圆锥花序呈总状花序式，下垂，长达30厘米，花序轴紫红色，被绒毛，分枝极短，在每一分枝上有花1-2 (3)朵；小苞片椭圆形，长3-3.5厘米，白色，顶端粉红色，蕾时包裹住花，无毛；小花梗极短；花萼近钟形，长约2厘米，白色，顶粉红色，一侧开裂，顶端又齿裂；花冠管较花萼为短，裂片长圆形，长约3厘米，后方的1枚较大，乳白色，顶端粉红色，侧生退化雄蕊钻状，长约2毫米，唇瓣匙状宽卵形，长4-6厘米，顶端皱波状，黄色而有紫红色纹彩；雄蕊长约2.5厘米；子房被金黄色粗毛；腺体长约2.5毫米。蒴果卵圆形，直径约2厘米，被稀疏的粗毛，具显露的条纹，顶端常冠以宿萼，熟时朱红色；种子有棱角。花期：4-6月；果期：7-10月。
产我国东南部至西南部各省区。热带亚洲广布。
本种花极美丽，常栽培于园庭供观赏。根茎和果实健脾暖胃，燥湿散寒；治消化不良，呕吐腹泻。叶鞘作纤维原料。
种子含挥发油0.7％、棕榈酸 (Palmitic acid)、按油精 (Cineole)、α-石竹烯（α- Caryophyllene)及倍半萜烯醇。

《云南植物志》|| 姜科 Zingiberaceae ||山姜属 Alpinia Roxb. ||月桃 Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt et Smith

10.月桃（植物名实图考）图版151：1—5
玉桃（植物名实图考），艳山姜（广州经济植物、中国植物志）
Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt & Smith (1972); 图鉴 (1976)*; 中国植物志 (1981)*; 云南种子植物名录 (1984); 新华本草纲要 (1988).
Zerumbet speciosa Wendl. (1798)*; Costus zerumbet Pers. (1805); Alpinia nutans Rosc. (1805)*, (1807), (1828)*; Sims in Curtis's (1817)*; Benth. (1816); Bak. in Hook. f. (1892); C. H. Wright (1903); Gagnep. in Lecomte (1908), non Globba nutans Linn.; A. speciosa (Wendl.) K. Schum. (1887), in Engl. (1899), (1904); L. H. Bailey (1887—1925); B. Hayata (1919); 伊藤武夫 (1927); 大村重光 (1978); K. R. Kirtikar et al. (1980), non (Bl.) Dietr. (1839); Languas speciosa (Wend.) Small. (1913); Merr. (1927); Sasaki (1928); Chun (1934); S. Nakao (1976).
直立草本，较粗状，高1.5—3米。叶片披针形，长30—60厘米，宽5—12厘米，先端尾尖且旋曲，基部渐狭，边缘具缘毛，两面无毛；叶柄长1—1.5厘米；叶舌长5—10毫米，被毛。圆锥花序呈总状花序式，下垂，长15—30厘米，花序轴紫红色，被柔毛；分枝花序极短，每枝具1—2朵花；小苞片椭圆形，长3—3.5厘米，白色，膜质，先端微红色，蕾时包住花，无毛；小花梗短；花萼近钟状，长约2厘米，白色，先端粉红，一侧开裂，先端具3齿，被睫毛；花冠管较花萼短，裂片等长，先端微红色，微凹，白色，无毛，侧裂片狭椭圆形，长约3.5厘米，宽1.5厘米，背裂片椭圆形，宽约2.5厘米；侧生退化雄蕊钻状，长约2毫米；唇瓣宽卵形，长约5厘米，宽4.9厘米，黄色而有紫红色脉纹；雄蕊长约2.5厘米；子房被褐色粗毛；上位腺体长约2.5毫米。蒴果卵圆形，直径约2厘米，被稀疏粗毛，且显露纵的条纹，先端冠以宿存的花萼，熟时红色，干后具明显的纵肋；种子具棱角。花期4—6月，果期7—10月。
产东南部；生于林下，我国东南部至西南部各省区有分布。热带亚洲广布。
本种花大而美丽，常作庭园观赏；根茎与蒴果有健脾暖胃、去痰止咳的功能，蒴果在贵州等地作砂仁用；叶鞘作纤维原料。

《Flora of China》|| Zingiberaceae || Alpinia ||艳山姜 Alpinia zerumbet

4. Alpinia zerumbet (Persoon) B. L. Burtt & R. M. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh. 31: 204. 1972.

艳山姜 yan shan jiang

Costus zerumbet Persoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 3. 1805; Alpinia fluviatilis Hayata; A. schumanniana Valeton; A. speciosa (J. C. Wendland) K. Schumann (1893), not (Blume) D. Dietrich (1839); Languas schumanniana (Valeton) Sasaki; L. speciosa (J. C. Wendland) Small; Zerumbet speciosum J. C. Wendland.

Pseudostems 2--3 m. Ligule 5--10 mm, abaxially hairy; petiole 1--1.5 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, 30--60 × 5--10 cm, glabrous except pubescent at margin, base attenuate, apex acuminate with a spiral mucro. Panicles drooping, to 30 cm, enclosed by 2 long sheaths when young; rachis purple-red, velvety; branches very short, 1- or 2(or 3)-flowered; bracteoles enclosing flower buds, white with pink apex, elliptic, 3--3.5 cm, glabrous. Pedicel 1--2 cm. Calyx white, subcampanulate, ca. 2 cm, split on 1 side, apex toothed. Corolla tube shorter than calyx; lobes milky white with pink apex, oblong, ca. 3 cm; central lobe larger than lateral ones. Lateral staminodes subulate, ca. 2 mm. Labellum yellow with purple-red stripes, broadly ovate-spatulate, 4--6 cm, apex crisped. Stamen ca. 2.5 cm. Ovary golden yellow hirsute. Capsule vermilion, globose, ca. 2 cm in diam., ribbed, apex with persistent calyx. Seeds angled. Fl. Apr--Jun, fr. Jul--Oct. 2 n = 48*.

Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan, [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].

Cultivated for ornament, including plants with variegated leaves.

《Flora of North America》|| Zingiberaceae || Alpinia || Alpinia zerumbet

1. Alpinia zerumbet (Persoon) B. L. Burtt & R. M. Smith, Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. 31: 204. 1972.

Shellflower

Costus zerumbet Persoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 3. 1805; Languas speciosum (J. C. Wendland) Small; Zerumbet speciosum J. C. Wendland

Leaf blade lanceolate to narrowly elliptical, (20--)33--67 ´ (3--)7.5--11 cm. Inflorescences drooping, 15--30 ´ 6--10 cm; stalks of cincinni 0.3--3 cm, bracteoles sheathing, white proximally, pink distally. Flowers: lip yellow with red penciling, perianth and staminodes otherwise white or pink.

Flowering spring--summer (May--Sep). Disturbed hammocks and thickets; 0--30 m; introduced; Fla.; Central America; South America; native, Asia.

Alpinia zerumbet is commonly cultivated, but rarely escapes. The illegitimate name Alpinia speciosa (J. C. Wendland) K. Schumann and Hollrung 1887 [(not A. speciosa (Blume) D. Dietrich 1839]) has often been used for this species.