《中国植物志》|| 榆科 ULMACEAE ||榔榆组 Sect. Microptelea (Spach) Benth. et Hook. ||榔榆 Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.

25. 榔榆（本草拾遗） 小叶榆（河北习见树木图说）， 秋榆、掉皮榆（河南），豺皮榆（山东），挠皮榆、构树榆（江苏），红鸡油（台湾）图版108: 9-11
Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. Pl. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 6. t. 262. 1798; Planch. in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3. 10: 280. 1848; et in DC. Prodr. 17: 161. 1873; Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 448. 1894; Schneid. Illustr. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 222. f. 137 g-s. 139 b-d. 1904; et in Sarg. Pl. Wilson. 3: 244. 1916; Mott. in Rev. Hort. 397. f. 167-168. 1909; Nakai in Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 31(Fl. Kor. 2:): 189. 1911; Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Jap. 2: 33. t. 2. 1912; Daveau in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France 1914: 26. f. 1. e-e' f. A-A’. 1914; Chun, Chinese Econ. Trees 110. 1921; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 4: 168. 1923, et Man. Cult. Trees and Shrubs ed. 2. 181. 1940; Gagnep. in Lec., Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 5: 677. 1928; Pei et Cheng in Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot. ser. 8(2): 89. 1932; Cheng ibidem 9(3): 243. 1934; 周汉藩, 河北习见树木图说88.图52. 1934; 金平亮三, 台湾树木志, 增补改版142. f. 89. 1936;陈嵘, 中国树木分类学214.图153. 1937;钱崇澍、杨衔晋, 中国森林植物志1(2):图版62. 1950; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. 381. 1965;广州植物志388. 1956;江苏南部种子植物手册212.图329. 1959;树木学, 上册: 453.图297: 6. 298. 1961; Li, Woody Fl. Taiwan 109. f. 33. 1963;中国高等植物图鉴1: 467.图934. 1972; 秦岭植物志1(2): 83.图74. 1974; Fl. Taiwan 2: 112. Pl. 231. 1976; 湖北植物志1: 130.图160. 1976; 傅立国, 东北林学院学报1980 (3): 21. 1980; 河南植物志1: 265.图327. 1981; 江苏植物志, 下册: 58.图809. 1982; 福建植物志1: 419. 1982;贵州植物志1: 122.图113: 1. 1982; 四川植物志3: 149.图45: 1-3. 1985; 安徽植物志2: 87.图347. 1986; 河北植物志1: 274.图235. 1986; 辽宁植物志, 上册: 271.图105: 5. 1988; 山西植物志1: 310.图版189. 1992; 浙江植物志2: 73. 1992.——U. chinensis Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 291. 1805. ——U. japonica Sieb. in Verth. Batav. Gen. 12: 28. 1803. ——Planera parvifolia Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 2. 464. 1830. ——Ulmus campestris L. var. chinensis Loudon, Arb. Brit. 3: 1377. f. 1231. 1838. ——Microptelea parvifolia Spach in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 2. 15: 358. 1841. ——Ulmus sieboldii Daveau in Bull. Soc. Dendr. France 1914: 26. f. l d-d'. f. B-B’. 1914. ——U. shirasawana Daveau, l. c. 27. f. 1. b-c'.——U. coreana Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 19: 31. t. 11. 1932. ——U. sieboldii Daveau f. shirasawana Nakai, l. c.
落叶乔木，或冬季叶变为黄色或红色宿存至第二年新叶开放后脱落，高达25米，胸径可达1米；树冠广圆形，树干基部有时成板状根，树皮灰色或灰褐，裂成不规则鳞状薄片剥落，露出红褐色内皮，近平滑，微凹凸不平；当年生枝密被短柔毛，深褐色；冬芽卵圆形，红褐色，无毛。叶质地厚，披针状卵形或窄椭圆形，稀卵形或倒卵形，中脉两侧长宽不等，长1.7-8（常2.5-5)厘米，宽0.8-3（常1-2)厘米，先端尖或钝，基部偏斜，楔形或一边圆，叶面深绿色，有光泽，除中脉凹陷处有疏柔毛外，余处无毛，侧脉不凹陷，叶背色较浅，幼时被短柔毛，后变无毛或沿脉有疏毛，或脉腋有簇生毛，边缘从基部至先端有钝而整齐的单锯齿，稀重锯齿（如萌发枝的叶），侧脉每边10-15条，细脉在两面均明显，叶柄长2-6毫米，仅上面有毛。花秋季开放，3-6数在叶腋簇生或排成簇状聚伞花序，花被上部杯状，下部管状，花被片4, 深裂至杯状花被的基部或近基部，花梗极短，被疏毛。翅果椭圆形或卵状椭圆形，长10-13毫米，宽6-8毫米，除顶端缺口柱头面被毛外，余处无毛，果翅稍厚，基部的柄长约2毫米，两侧的翅较果核部分为窄，果核部分位于翅果的中上部，上端接近缺口，花被片脱落或残存，果梗较管状花被为短，长1-3毫米，有疏生短毛。花果期8-10月。
分布于河北、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、福建、台湾、江西、广东、广西、湖南、湖北、贵州、四川、陕西、河南等省区。生于平原、丘陵、山坡及谷地。喜光，耐干旱，在酸性、中性及硷性土上均能生长，但以气候温暖，土壤肥沃、排水良好的中性土壤为最适宜的生境。日本、朝鲜也有分布。
边材淡褐色或黄色，心材灰褐色或黄褐色，材质坚韧，纹理直，耐水湿，可供家具、车辆、造船、器具、农具、油榨、船橹等用材。树皮纤维纯细，杂质少，可作蜡纸及人造棉原料，或织麻袋、编绳索，亦供药用。可选作造林树种。

《云南植物志》|| 榆科 Ulmaceae ||榆属 Ulmus L. ||榔榆 Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.

3.榔榆（本草拾遗）图版137: 9-10
Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. (1798)*; Planch. (1848),(1873); Hemsl. (1894); Schneid. (1904)*. et in Sarg. (1916); Gagnep. in Lec. (1928); 陈嵘 (1937)*; 图鉴(1972)*; 贵州植物志 (1982)*; 四川植物志 (1985)*; 中国植物志 (1998)*.
Ulmus japonica Seib. (1803); U. chinensis Pers. (1805).
落叶乔木，高达25米。幼枝密被深褐色短柔毛。叶片革质，披针状卵形或窄椭圆形，长（1.7）2.5-5（8）厘米，宽（0.8）1-2（3）厘米，先端尖或钝，基部偏斜，边缘具单锯齿，稀重锯齿，上面深绿色，有光泽，除中脉凹陷处有毛外，余无毛，下面浅绿色，叶脉凸出，幼时有毛，后渐无毛，侧脉8-14对；叶柄褐色，长2-5毫米，上面有毛，下面无毛。花秋季开放，常3-5朵簇生于当年枝叶腋，花被上部杯状，4裂，下部细管状，花梗细，有疏毛。翅果椭圆形或卵状椭圆形，长0.9-1.3厘米，宽0.6-0.7厘米，果枝与果核均黄绿色，两侧之翅比果核窄；果梗长约2毫米。花期8-9月，果期10-12月。
昆明有栽培。我国西南、华南、华东、华中、华北、台湾及西北、东北部分省区有分布。日本、朝鲜也有。
树皮纤维可制绳及造纸；木材作家具及车船器具用。

《Flora of China》|| Ulmaceae || Ulmus ||榔榆 Ulmus parvifolia

21. Ulmus parvifolia Jacquin, Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 262. 1798.

榔榆 lang yu

Microptelea parvifolia (Jacquin) Spach; Planera parvifolia (Jacquin) Sweet; Ulmus campestris Linnaeus var. chinensis Loudon; U. chinensis Persoon; U. coreana Nakai; U. japonica Siebold; U. sieboldii Daveau; Ulmus shirasawana Daveau.

Trees, to 25 m tall, d.b.h. to 100 cm, deciduous. Crown broadly orbicular. Bark gray to grayish brown, ± smooth, exfoliating into irregular scale-like flakes. Branchlets dark brown, densely pubescent when young, never winged. Winter buds reddish brown, ovoid-orbicular, glabrous. Petiole 2-6 mm, pubescent; leaf blade lanceolate-ovate to narrowly elliptic, lamina on two sides of midvein unequal in length and width, 2.5-5 × 1-2 cm, thick, abaxially pea green and pubescent when young, adaxially dark green, lustrous, and pubescent only on midvein, base oblique, margin obtusely and irregularly simply serrate, apex acute to obtuse; midvein depressed; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein. Inflorescences fascicled cymes, 3-6-flowered. Pedicel very short, pubescent. Perianth funnelform; tepals 4. Samaras tan to brown, occasionally dark red-brown, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 10-13 × 6-8 mm, glabrous except for pubescence on stigmatic surface in notch; stalk 1-3 mm, shorter than perianth, sparsely pubescent; perianth persistent or tardily deciduous. Seed at center or toward apex of samara. Fl. and fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 28.

Below 800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [India, Japan, N Korea, Vietnam].

《Flora of North America》|| Ulmaceae || Ulmus || Ulmus parvifolia

10. Ulmus parvifolia Jacquin, Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 6, plate 262. 1798.

Chinese elm, lacebark elm

Trees , 25 m; crowns rounded, open. Bark olive green to gray, shedding in irregular, tan to orange plates. Branches long-pendulous, not winged; twigs tan to dark brown, glabrous to pubescent. Buds acute to obtuse; scales brown, pubescent. Leaves: petiole 2-6(-8) mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with short hairs. Leaf blade elliptic to ovate-obovate, (3.5-)4-5(-6) × 1.5-2.5 cm, base oblique, margins mostly singly serrate (some doubly serrate), apex acute; surfaces abaxially pale, glabrate, adaxially dark green, lustrous, glabrous; lateral veins forking 5 or more times per side. Inflorescences fascicles, (2-)3-4(-8)-flowered; pedicel 8-10 mm. Flowers: calyx reddish brown, deeply lobed, lobes (3-)4-5, glabrous; stamens 3-4; anthers reddish; stigma lobes white-pubescent, exserted, recurved and spreading with maturity. Samaras green to light brown, elliptic to ovate, ca. 1 cm, not winged, seeds nearly filling samara, notched at apex, glabrous. Seeds thickened, not inflated. 2 n = 28.

Flowering late summer-early fall. In woods and in disturbed sites; 0-400 m; introduced; Calif., D.C., Ga., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Va.; native to Asia (China and Japan).

Ulmus parvifolia appears to naturalize more easily than U . procera or U . glabra . It has been reported but not documented from Idaho and West Virginia.

Ulmus parvifolia is valued in cultivation for its pleasing form and ornamental bark. It is ruderal primarily in the southeastern United States.